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ФИО автора:
Djuraeva Khursanoy Zakirovna
is a senior lecturer at the Department
of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Andijan State Medical Institute
Название публикации:
«TYPICAL CHILDHOOD DISEASES: PRINCIPLES OF
TREATMENT OF COMMON DISEASES»
Annotation:
The common cold (ARVI) is probably one of the most common
childhood diseases. On average, children catch colds from four to six times a year, and
each time the cold lasts one to two weeks. Usually, children over one year old do not
have to go to the doctor for a cold, if there is no pain in the ear, throat or temperature
above 38.5, which lasts longer than one or two days.
Keywords:
diarrhea attacks, minor illnesses
Another well-known fact: there is no cure for colds. Studies have revealed the low
effectiveness of antihistamines and cough medications in the treatment of symptoms
or duration of a cold. The use of antibiotics for a disease caused by a viral infection
without complications is not mandatory and may rather harm, increasing the risk of
infections resistant to this type of antibiotics in the future. Solution: drink plenty of
fluids and rest more.
Fever often accompanies diseases caused by viral and bacterial infections.
Usually, before contacting a doctor about a cold in a child, you can wait one or two
days and see if other symptoms and complaints appear. As a rule, the temperature
below 38.3 degrees Celsius can not be knocked down, if at the same time the child's
well-being does not suffer and there was no history of convulsions with an increase in
temperature. If the child eats and sleeps relatively well and at the same time plays
normally, you can wait and watch.
Diarrhea in children happens often and is usually caused by viruses. Severe and
prolonged diarrhea can lead to dehydration — a dangerous but preventable condition.
When a child has loose stools every hour or two for eight hours or more, it is necessary
to consult a doctor. If diarrhea attacks occur less than six times a day, the child drinks
a lot of fluids and plays relatively normally; you can watch him for a day or two before
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going to the doctor. Pay attention to the baby's nutrition. It is necessary to exclude from
the diet all fried, fresh vegetables and fruits, juices, dairy products.
Children over the age of three are usually scared if they have diarrhea attacks,
especially if it happens suddenly. Explain to the child that this happens to many
children, and never scold him for a sudden attack of diarrhea. If irritation appears on
the baby's ass, clean the skin well and apply a layer of Vaseline or zinc ointment. To
prevent dehydration without a subsequent emergency trip to the toilet, room
temperature drinks will help, which are better to drink slowly through a straw.
How great it would be to be able to prevent all diseases. Unfortunately, this is not
possible, but we can significantly reduce the risks of contracting the most common
infections if we remember the simplest rules of prevention. The best way is thorough
hand hygiene. Remind your child to wash his hands before eating, after using the toilet
and after he has wiped his nose. Also powerful preventive methods are regular full
sleep, proper varied nutrition and sufficient physical activity.
Even an annoying disease has a reverse (pleasant) "side of the coin": the fact is
that minor diseases suffered by a baby in childhood help a child form a stable immune
system that will protect him in adulthood. In addition, minor illnesses allow the child
to feel his body better, learn what microbes are and how recovery takes place. Most
likely, he will be very interested in why his nose is running and why he often goes to
the toilet. You can help the baby to understand how the body works and recovers, why
today is better than yesterday, and what needs to be done so that a sick person begins
to recover. This will help him to become more aware of himself and understand that
the disease is just a new problem that can be dealt with. This practical knowledge will
help the child to learn and develop better.
Some infections, on the contrary, occur more easily in children than in adults,
such as chickenpox or rubella. Therefore, babies who have been in contact with a sick
child are not isolated at first in such cases. They just need careful monitoring, and
isolation becomes necessary when symptoms of the disease appear. After recovery,
children develop a stable lifelong immunity.
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Complications of these diseases are rare, but they are very severe, so it is
necessary to consult a doctor periodically until your child is fully recovered in order to
exclude the possibility of complications.
Pregnant women and those who are just planning motherhood should be
extremely careful, because some pathogens of infection can penetrate to the fetus
through the placenta, cause congenital diseases and various malformations in it.
It should be borne in mind that infectious diseases in children's groups are
transmitted very quickly, because children are constantly in contact with each other,
sometimes they neglect hygiene rules. Therefore, if you find signs of an infectious
disease in your child, it is necessary to isolate him that is, temporarily stop attending
kindergarten or school. This is necessary, firstly, to comply with bed rest, because high
physical activity during the disease can lead to the spread of infection through the body.
Secondly, this way you will protect other children from infection.
Weakened pathogens or their components are injected into the child's body. In
response, the children's immune system begins to produce antibodies, and before a real
infectious disease, your child will already be fully protected.
Undesirable consequences from the introduction of vaccines are still observed, so
our doctor must definitely examine the baby before vaccination. Some vaccines are not
administered to weakened and sick children – they need to wait for recovery. Most
doctors believe that a slight increase in body temperature and slight malaise are a
normal reaction of the body to vaccination. By vaccinating your child in our clinic, you
protect him from many serious infectious diseases.
Literatures:
1. Baranov A.A., Albitsky V.Yu., Modestov A.A. Morbidity of the child
population of Russia. M.: Pediatrician, 2013:280. [[Baranov A.A., Albitsky V.Yu.,
Modestov A.A. The incident of the child population in Russia. M.: Pediatrician, 201
3:280.
2. Kutsenko G.I., Chicherin L.P. Health protection and improvement of outpatient
polyclinic care for children and adolescents at the present stage. Voronezh: VSTU
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Publishing House, 2000:475. [[Kutsenko G.I., Chicherin L.P. Health protection and
improvement of adequate care for children and adolescents at the present stage.
Voronezh: Publishing house of VSTU, 2000:475.
3. Shavaliev R.F., O.V. Kulikov, I.V. Samokhina, etc. Results of preventive
examinations of children 0-17 years old in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2013-2015
Practical medicine. 2016. №7(99): 119—122.
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