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Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar roʻyxati:
1. Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2017-yil 6-apreldagi
“Umumiy oʻrta ta’lim va oʻrta maxsus, kasb-hunar ta’limining davlat
ta’lim standartlarini tasdiqlash toʻgʻrisida”gi 187-son qarori.
2.
Ikromov A.B., Maxmudov S.Y., Anorqulova G.M. Ta’lim, ilm-fan ( metodik
qo'llanma. Kasb mahorati jurnali -2004-yil. 2 son.
3. Internet saytlari: -ZiyoNet .uz, - kitob.uz
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ФИО автора:
Adilov Pulat Adilovich
Associate Professor, Nizami TSPU
Название публикации:
«THE TECHNIQUE OF PERFORMING A TECHNICAL
DRAWING»
Annotation.
This article is devoted to the technique of performing sketches and
technical drawing of a part by traditional and computer methods of execution and their
differences.
Keywords.
Methodology, students, educational activities, drawing, technical
drawing, education, quality, information technology.
Аннотация.
Данная статья посвящена методике выполнения эскизов и
технического рисунка детали традиционным и компъютерном способами
исполнения и их отличиам.
Ключевые слова.
Методика, студенты, учебная деятельность, черчение,
технический рисунок, образование, качество, информационная технология.
To a large extent, a clear, purposeful and methodically thought-out system of
presenting knowledge during training hours contributes to improving the quality of
graphic training of students. It is necessary to introduce new, the most advanced
teaching methods into the educational process and reasonably involve technical means
of teaching. Improving the effectiveness of drawing training largely depends on the use
of didactic materials, didactic games and computer technologies in lessons.
The process of informatization of modern society requires from every person the
ability to use a personal computer, and in drawing in particular.
For example, mastering the skills of technical drawing on a computer is possible
only in the course of practical classes.
Images made by hand to the eye, we will call drawings. Thus, axonometric and
perspective drawings are distinguished, and a drawing made according to the rules of
axonometry is usually called a technical drawing.
With the machine execution of the technical drawing, all the rules of manual
execution of the image remain, with the exception of drawing lines of different types
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as a straight line and a circle. With the machine execution of the technical drawing and
sketch, it remains for the person to determine the aspect ratios of the object, the number
of views, sections and cross-sections, as well as the execution of the image through the
appropriate commands on the toolbar. Thus, the determination of the number of types,
the definition and execution of the necessary cuts and sections through the appropriate
commands is left to the performer.
However, some rules and techniques for performing images need to be revised
from the point of view of computer technology.
A technical drawing is a visual image made according to the rules for constructing
axonometric projections (by hand or using drawing tools) using chiaroscuro. The
objectives of the technical drawing are to test the student's ability to read a particular
drawing and consolidate skills by performing visual images.
Execution of technical drawings, as a rule, is performed when shooting sketches
from nature (the drawing is done by hand) and when detailing a general drawing (the
drawing is performed using drawing tools).
With the machine execution of a technical drawing, if you use a three-dimensional
image, then projections and visual images of the part will be depicted in parallel.
Rectangular isometric and dimetric projections are used as the basis of a technical
drawing in most cases, which, along with visibility, are quite simple in their
implementation.
Information technology, today, we can say, has inexhaustible opportunities to
promote the implementation of didactic principles of teaching, which include:
scientific, problematic and visual, activity and consciousness, accessibility, strength
and its cyclical learning.
To acquire skills in technical drawing, it is necessary to do a number of exercises
in drawing lines "by hand", dividing segments and right angles into parts without
drawing tools, etc.
Usually, the technical drawing of the part is performed in a rectangular isometric
(Fig.1a), frontal (Fig.1 b) or in a central projection (Fig.1v).
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Drawings in the central projection (in perspective) are rarely used in mechanical
engineering due to the complexity of construction and significant distortions.
Exercises in drawing straight lines are performed on unlined paper with a soft
pencil.
It is necessary to learn how to quickly and accurately draw straight lines at
angles of 30 and 45
0
to the horizontal. Such lines are found in isometric and frontal
dimetric projections. Drawing angles and drawing parallel lines without the use of
drawing tools is shown in Fig. 2
a)
b) v)
Fig.2
Images in the frontal dimetric projection require exercises in drawing circles and
ovals by hand.
For the image of the circle, two mutually perpendicular (vertical and horizontal)
axes are preliminarily outlined; two more mutually perpendicular lines are drawn
through the center at an angle of 450 to the horizontal. From the center on the axes and
lines, the same segments equal to the radius of the circle are laid "by eye" (Fig.3, a).
The oval is made by hand after preliminary drawing of its axes (Fig.3, 6).
Fig. 1
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Drawing a figure, such as a regular hexagon (Fig.3, c), is often found when
depicting nuts and other similar details. The drawing should also begin with drawing
the vertical and horizontal axes of symmetry. Four equal segments a are laid on the
horizontal axis of symmetry. on the vertical line - approximately 3.5 of the same
segments and outline the vertices and sides of the hexagon in the drawing.
The image of the same hexagon in the horizontal plane with a reduction in size
along the y axis is shown in Fig.3. g.
After doing a series of exercises on drawing shapes, you can proceed to drawing
geometric bodies. The use of techniques for drawing a circle, oval and hexagon when
drawing different bodies is shown in Fig. 4
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