Маъсул муҳаррир: Филология фанлари доктори, профессор: Г. Х. Боқиева Тақризчилар

The Swedish Academy
There are no real regulatory institutions for the Swedish language, but the Swedish Academy and the Swedish Language Council (Svenska spraknamnden) have important roles. The primary task of the Swedish Academy is to further the use of Swedish language. The primary instrument for this is the publication of dictionaries; Svenska Akademiens Ordlista and Svenska Akademiens Ordbok.Even though the dictionaries are sometimes perceived as an official definition of the language; their function is rather intended to be descriptive.
Dialects
Swedish is distinguished by having more than one high-status variety, which is unusual for languages of its modest size.
The Swedish term rikssvenska is problematic to translate. It might mean Swedish as spoken in Sweden compared to as spoken in Finland, but it might also denote the high-status variety spoken in Stockholm. Beside the high-status dialects, one can distinguish between a large number of Swedish dialects, often de1ined elements of historical divisions, provinces of Sweden:
Bergslagsmal (spoken in Bergslagen)
Finlandssvenska (spoken in Finland - Finland-Swedish, Eastern Swedish)
Gutniskal (spoken in Gotlandia - Gutnish language)
GOtamal (spoken in Gotaland)
Norrlandska mal (spoken in Ngrrland - Northern Swedish)
Sveamal (spoken in Svealand)
Sydsvenska maP (spoken in Scania - Southern Swedish, formerly Eastern Danish)
Alandska (spoken in the Aland Islands)
All speakers of these languages are bilingual in Swedish, and the consideration here is principally the dialect of S~ spoken by these individuals.
2 Jamska belongs to the group of (Insular) West Scandinavian languages, as opposed to the other dialects of Swedish which belong to the (Continental) East Scandinavian group. The proper name of the language is Jamska, though t spelling Jamska is sometimes used.
Grammar
With respect to inflection, Swedish has five different kinds of nouns and four different kinds of verbs. Nouns come in two grammatical genders: common and neuter. Old Swedish formerly had masculine and feminine genders in place of common some old phrases and ceremonial uses preserve these archaic forms. Noun gender is largely arbitrary and must be memory: Nouns form the plural in a variety of ways: by adding -r with or without a mutation in the terminal vowel (e.g.,jlicka, girl jlickor, girls), by adding -n, by no marker at all (e.g., barn, child or children), or by the root vowel from back to front (e.g., man, man, man, men). The last form is rare.
Most verbs end in -a in the infinitive, -r in the present tense, and -de, -fe, or -dde in the past. Verbs generally do not inflect in person or number. Other tenses are formed by combinations of auxiliary verbs with infinitives or a special form of the par called the supine. As in all the Germanic languages, there are strong and weak verbs.