Маъсул муҳаррир: Филология фанлари доктори, профессор: Г. Х. Боқиева Тақризчилар

Discussion questions
1. Dialectal divergence of the German language.
2. Dictionaries of the German language.
3. High German, as a separate language.
4. Low German, as a separate language.
5. Language policy and language situation in Germany.
6. The Future of the German language in EU.


Reference

1. 
   The Cambridge History of the English language. Vol. I. Cambridge University Press, 2005, 613 p.
   
2. 
   Don Ringe. From Proto –Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press, 2006, 366 p.
   
3. 
   Hogg R. Introduction to Old English. Edinburgh University Press, 2002, 174 p.
   
4. 
   Kuldashev A.M. An Introduction to Germanic Philology. Tashkent, Шарқ Нашр Матбаа акционерлик жамияти. 2010, 154 p.
   
5. 
   Қўлдашев А.М., Хамзаев С.А. Инглиз тили тарихи. Т. Darssprint нашр, 2015. 192 бет.
   
6. 
   Kuldashev A.M. Formation and Development of the Global language. – Tashkent, Turon Iqbol, 2016. 118 p.
   
7. 
   Жирмунский В.М. История немецкого языка. М. ВШ, 1974.
   
8. 
   Богородицкий В.А. Введение в изучение современных романских и германских языков. М. Изд-во лит. на иностр. яз. 1954, сс 105-117.
   
9. 
   Прокош Э. Сравнительная грамматика германских языков. М. Изд-во Изд-во лит. на иностр. яз. 1954, сс 9-23.
   
10. 
    Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь. М., 1990, с. 329-330.
    
11. 
    Жирмунский. В.М. Немецкая диалектология. М. Изд. АН СССР. 1956. с. 630.
    

Chapter XI. Icelandic Language


Key questions
1. Relationship of Icelandic to other languages.
2. The origin of the Icelandic language.
3. Features of the Grammar of the Icelandic.
4. Features of the Vocabulary of the Icelandic language.
5. The Icelandic language around the world.


1. Relationship to other languages. Icelandic is one of the Nordic languages, which are a subgroup of the Germanic languages. Germanic languages are traditionally divided into North Germanic, i.e. the Nordic languages, West Germanic, i.e. High and Low German including Dutch-Flemish, English and Frisian, and East Germanic, i.e. Gothic, which is now dead. The Germanic languages are in the family of Indo- European languages together with the Celtic, Slavonic, Baltic, Romance, Greek, Albanian, Armenian and Indo-Iranian languages, in addition to several language groups, which are now dead. Accordingly, Icelandic is more or Less related to all these languages. Linguistically it is most closely related to Faeroese and Norwegian.