Маъсул муҳаррир: Филология фанлари доктори, профессор: Г. Х. Боқиева Тақризчилар

Discussion questions
1. Etymological layers of the Germanic word stock.
2. The Indo-European roots in Germanic languages.
3. System of Noun declension in Germanic languages.
4. The system of the verb declension in Germanic languages.
5. Features and types of the Runic alphabet.
6. Features and types of the Gothic alphabet.
7. Features and types of the Latin alphabet.
8. Written records in Ancient Germanic languages.


Reference

1. 
   The Cambridge History of the English language. Vol. I. Cambridge University Press, 2005, 613 p.
   
2. 
   Don Ringe. From Proto –Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press, 2006, 366 p.
   
3. 
   Hogg R. Introduction to Old English. Edinburgh University Press, 2002, 174 p.
   
4. 
   Kuldashev A.M. An Introduction to Germanic Philology. Tashkent, Шарқ Нашр Матбаа акционерлик жамияти. 2010, 154 p.
   
5. 
   Қўлдашев А.М., Хамзаев С.А. Инглиз тили тарихи. Т. Darssprint нашр, 2015. 192 бет.
   
6. 
   Kuldashev A.M. Formation and Development of the Global language. – Tashkent, Turon Iqbol, 2016. 118 p.
   

Chapter VI. brief information about living germanic languages


Key questions
1. Total number of the Germanic languages in the world.
2. Features of Afrikaans as a Germanic language.
3. Features of Dutch as a Germanic language.
4. Features of Faroese language as a Germanic language.
5. Features of Frisian language as a Germanic language.
6. Features of the Gothic as a Germanic language.
7. Features of Icelandic as a Germanic language.
8. Features of Danish as a Germanic language.


Afrikaans
Afrikaans is a contemporary West Germanic language developed from seventeenth century Dutch. It is one of the eleven official languages of the Republic of South Africa.
"Although Afrikaans derives from Dutch, it was also influenced by Malay (spoken by the slaves in the 17th century) and the indigenous African languages. The first recognizable form of Afrikaans was apparently spoken by the Malay people of the Cape in the 17th/18th century." - Johan Viljoen.
Number of speakers (1988): 10 million.