Маъсул муҳаррир: Филология фанлари доктори, профессор: Г. Х. Боқиева Тақризчилар

Discussion questions
1. How did simplification of word structure take place in Proto-Germanic?
2. Formation of strong and weak verbs.
3. Vocabulary of Germanic languages.
4. Verner’s law.
5. Germanic Alphabets.
6. The Gothic alphabet.
7. The Runic alphabet.
8. Development of the Latin alphabet used by Germanic tribes.


Reference

1. 
   The Cambridge History of the English language. Vol. I. Cambridge University Press, 2005, 613 p.
   
2. 
   Don Ringe. From Proto –Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press, 2006, 366 p.
   
3. 
   Hogg R. Introduction to Old English. Edinburgh University Press, 2002, 174 p.
   
4. 
   Kuldashev A.M. An Introduction to Germanic Philology. Tashkent, Шарқ Нашр Матбаа акционерлик жамияти. 2010, 154 p.
   
5. 
   Қўлдашев А.М., Хамзаев С.А. Инглиз тили тарихи. Т. Darssprint нашр, 2015. 192 бет.
   
6. 
   Kuldashev A.M. Formation and Development of the Global language. – Tashkent, Turon Iqbol, 2016. 118 p.
   

Chapter V. LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF GERMANIC LANGUAGES


Key questions
1. Word accentuation in Proto-Germanic.
2. The Process of the Separation of Germanic languages from Common Indo-European.
3. The role of qualitative and quantitative changes in the formation of Germanic languages.
4. the role of positional and independent changes in the formation of Germanic languages.
5. The Essence of Grimm’s law.
6. Interpretation of the First Consonant Shift.
7. The Chronology of the Consonant Shift.
8. Form-building means in Common Germanic.

All the Germanic languages of the past and present have common linguistic features; some of these features are shared by other groups in the IE family, others are specifically Germanic.

The Germanic group acquired their specific distinctive features after the separation of the ancient Germanic tribes from other IE tribes and prior to their further expansion and disintegration that is during the period of the PG parent-language. These PG features inherited by the descendant languages represent the common features of the Germanic group. Other common features developed later, in the course of the individual histories of separate Germanic languages, as a result of similar tendencies arising from PG causes. On the other hand, many Germanic features have been disguised, transformed and even lost in later history.