Маъсул муҳаррир: Филология фанлари доктори, профессор: Г. Х. Боқиева Тақризчилар

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Chapter XXV. The Middle English Development of Vocabulary


Key questions
1. General characteristics of Middle English Vocabulary.
2. Scandinavian influence to English Vocabulary.
3. French borrowings in Middle English.
4. Borrowings from Greek and Latin in the Age of the Renaissance.
5. Word building in Middle English.

Vocabulary developed in the ME period both by internal processes and by borrowing words and word-building morphemes from other languages.

In the sphere of internal development, we may note such factors as deriving new words by means of affixation (e.g. brotherhood), and development of meaning in accordance with developments in social life: for example, the OE substantive cniht, which meant boy, servant, acquired in ME (spelt knight) the meaning ‘knight’; the OE word sellan ‘give’ had its meaning narrowed to ‘sell’, that is ‘give for money’.
Scandinavian Influence
A considerable part of the vocabulary was common to English and to Scandinavian dialects. In many words the root was the same, while endings were different. For example,