M01 laws tm4 5700. indd

(page 23)
 1. Although it is difficult to solve public health 
problems, great success has been achieved with 
certain illnesses.
 2. the successful campaigns against smallpox and 
polio
 3. 2, 8
 4. yes
 5. The concluding sentence paraphrases the topic 
sentence and stresses the main idea.
PRACTICE 1: Noticing Synonyms 
(page 24)
A 1. elimination
 2. 
important
 3. 
individuals
 4. 
illness
B 
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
 1. 
hard
 2. 
difficulties
 3. 
started, began
 4. 
repeat, reproduce
PRACTICE 2: Staying on Topic 
(page 25)
Paragraph 1
Topic sentence: The cloning of genes has made 
many medical advances possible.
Off topic sentences: There have been several 
interesting television shows 
recently about individuals with 
dwarfism. Many of these shows 
are very popular.
Paragraph 2
Topic sentence: Advances in medicine can come 
from surprising places, including 
water.
Off topic sentences: Some ancient civilizations used 
berries and grasses for medical 
purposes. These plant-based 
medicines were often quite 
effective.
Longman Academic Writing Series 4, Fifth Edition, Teacher’s Manual 
●
Student Book Answer Key
83
© 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. 

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PRACTICE 3: Staying on Topic 
(page 26)
Topic sentences: Even when you try to be polite, 
it is easy to do the wrong thing 
accidentally in a new culture. / 
Although Americans are usually 
very direct in social matters, there 
are a few occasions when they 
are not.
Off topic sentences: Meals in the United States are 
usually more informal than 
meals in other countries, and 
the times of meals may be 
different. / Idioms are often 
difficult for newcomers to 
understand.
Start a new paragraph with Although Americans are 
usually . . .
PRACTICE 4: Using Key Nouns and 
Pronouns