M01 laws tm4 5700. indd

 2. Paragraph 2
 3. Paragraphs 3, 4, and 5 (Summaries will vary.)
 4. Paragraph 6 (Summaries will vary.)
 5. Paragraphs 8 and 9 (Summaries will vary.)
Reading 2 
(page 290)
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
 1. 
Answers will vary.
 2. The idea that a staffed mission to Mars would be 
an incredible feat is contrasted with the fact that 
the costs associated would be enormous.
Longman Academic Writing Series 4, Fifth Edition, Teacher’s Manual 
●
Student Book Answer Key
93
© 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. 

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 3. Thesis statement: Nevertheless, there are several 
reasons why it is impractical to attempt sending 
people to Mars by the mid-2030s.
 4. The main reasons a manned mission to Mars 
would not work are: (1) financial concerns, 
(2) health risks for astronauts, (3) psychological 
concerns for astronauts, (4) the need for more 
sophisticated technology.
CHAPTER 9 
(pages 170–188)
Questions about the Model 
(page 172)
 1. The author combined sentences 1–7 in the first 
draft into sentences 1–4 in the second draft.
 2. but, for, although
 3. Combining sentences made it easier to read and 
made the relationships among the ideas clearer.
 4. First draft: 15, second draft: 10
 5. The writer combined sentences 8 and 9 
with because, added On the other hand, to 
sentence 11 (now 7), combined sentences 13 
and 14 (now 9) with because, and started that 
last sentence with Thus.
 6. Draft 2 is easier to read because the ideas are 
clearly connected to each other.
PRACTICE 1: Identifying Independent 
and Dependent Clauses 
(page 174)
Add a period (.) to the following independent 
clauses: 3, 5, 6, 7, 10
The following are dependent clauses: 4, 8, 9
Try It Out!