Abu Ghraib's Abuses and T o r t u r e s
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would have to make do as best possible. He was surely not in Kansas or the Dill-
wyn, Virginia, Prison. There would never be any clear written procedures, no for-
mal policies, and no structured guidelines. There was none of the procedural
support that Chip Frederick needed to follow in order to be the kind of leader he
hoped to be in this most important mission in his life. He was on his own, without
any support system upon which he could rely. This was exactly the worst working
condition for him, given Chip Frederick's basic needs and values, which we have
just reviewed from his assessments, ft was a sure recipe for failure. And that was
only the beginning.
Nonstop Night W o r k
Not only did this soldier work half around the clock, he did so seven days a week
with not a single day off for a full forty days! Then he had only one day off, fol-
lowed by two more solid weeks on, before he could get a regular day off after four
nights on. I can't imagine any job where such a work schedule would not be seen
as inhumane. Given the shortage of trained corrections personnel and perhaps
the failure of his superiors to appreciate the extent of this overwhelming daily
workload, there was no recognition of or concern for Chip Frederick's job stress
and burnout potential. He had to do what they wanted him to do and simply stop
complaining to his superiors.
Where did he go at 4 A . M . when his long twelve-hour shift was over? He sim-
ply went to sleep in another part of the prison—in a prison cell! He slept in a six-
by-nine-foot prison cell that had no toilet but did have plenty of rodents running
around it. ft was dirty because there were not enough cleaning supplies and not
enough water to clean it up. Chip Frederick told me during our interview, "I
couldn't find supplies to keep the facilities clean. The plumbing was bad. Shit was
backed up in the porta-potties. There was trash and mold e v e r y w h e r e . . . . It was
nasty in there. There were human body parts in the facility.... There was a pack
of wild dogs running around [still present from the days when prisoners executed
by Saddam were buried in part of the prison and wild dogs would dig up their re-
mains]. You know I was so mentally drained when I got off in the morning, all I
wanted to do is sleep."
He missed breakfast, lunch, often had only one meal a day, which consisted of
T-rations and not-so-tasty MREs—the Army-issue meals ready to be eaten out of
containers. "Portions were small due to the large number of soldiers that had to
be fed. I ate a lot of cheese and crackers," Chip reported. Other emerging health
problems for this athletic, socially minded young man were that he stopped exer-
cising because he was always tired and he was not able to socialize with buddies
because of work schedule conflicts. More and more his life revolved entirely
around his prison supervision and the MP Reservists working there under his
command. They soon became what social psychologists refer to as his "reference
group," a new in-group that would come to have a big influence on him. He was
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