Литература по учебной дисциплине «Практика устной и письменной речи»

(3) Grammatical homonyms differ in grammatical meaning only: e.g., brothers pl. and brother’s – possessive case; stopped – the Past Indefinite and stopped – Participle II.
The traditional formal classification of homonyms is based not only on the meaning, but on three aspects—sound-form, graphic form, and meaning. Here we distinguish between absolute homonyms (homonyms proper) and partial homonyms (homophones, homographs, and homoforms).
Homonyms proper (absolute homonyms) are words identical both in sounding and in graphic form though different in meaning. E.g., bark – a noise made by a dog and bark – a sailing ship; back – part of the body, back – away from the front, and back – to go back; bear – медведь and bear – носить, родить; pale – кол and pale – бледный, тьмяный. The important point is that homonyms are distinct words—not different meanings within one word.
Homophones (phonetic homonyms) are words identical in sounding but different both in spelling and meaning. E.g., I – eye, nose – knows, son – сын and sun – солнце; pair – пара and pear – груша; see – видеть and sea – мope; sight – зрение, взгляд, site – место, участок and cite – цитировать; coarse – грубый and course – кypc; light – лёгкий and light – свет; meet – встречать and meat – мясо; piece – кусок and peace – мир.
Homographs (graphic homonyms) are words identical in spelling but different both in their sound-form and meaning. E.g., tear /tiə/ and /tεə/, lead /li:d/ and /led/, wind /wind/ and /waind/.
Homoforms (grammatical homonyms) coincide only in some of their paradigm constituents. : e.g., provided – ParticipleII of provide and provided – когда, при условии.
From the viewpoint of their origin, homonyms are divided into etymological and historical.