Личность: три основных подхода к ее трактовке

Individ, individuallik, shaxs

Shaxsga ta’rif berishning 3 asosiy yo’nalishi

1) antropologik

2) ijtimoiy

3) shaxsiylik

antropologik

Umuminsoniylik xislatlarining shaxsda mavjudligi

men

qanay

san

Л. Фейербах:

Shaxs- tabiay mahsuli.

ijtimoiy

Shaxs bu ijtimoiy munosabatlar ta’siri ostida vujudga keladigan obyekt yoki shu munosabatlar ta’siri ostida vujudga keladigan mahsulot sifatida o’rganiladi(Э. Дюркгейм)

Shaxs asosiy nazariyasi bu- shaxsning ijtimoiy o’zgarishlar ta’siri ostida vujudga keladigan tizimda tutgan o’rni.

(Т. Парсонс)

shaxsiylik

Shaxsning mavjudligi uning absolyut go’yaviy mustaqilligi va o’ziga xosligida

Экзистенциалисты:

Ж. П. Сартр,

К. Ясперс

Shaxs bo’lib tug’ilmaydi, shakllanadi

Odam shaxs bo’lmasligi mumkinmi?

Shakllanuvchi patalogik

To’liq shakllangan shaxs quyidagicha ifodalanadi:

To’liqligicha-

Odam har xil sharoitlarda o’zini boshqarishi

iyerarxik-

Odam o’zning biologik talablarini boshqarishi

+aktiv hayotiy o’rni

Individ va individuallik

individuallik – odamning boshqa odamlardan ajratib turuvchi xislatlari, psixikasining o’ziga xosligi

Individ - (Sitseron tomonidan kiritilgan)odamzotning alohida bir jamiyat, xalq, sinfning alohida bir ijtimoiy atom sifatida ifodalanishi

Individuallik (lot. individuum — bo’linmas) — muayyan narsa va hodisa, shaxs va jonivorning o’zigagina xos, betakror, xususiy belgilar. Belgi sifatlarining o’ziga xosligi bilan I. umumiylikka (individ esa umumga) qaramaqarshi qo’yiladi. Dastlab, I. antik davrda atokli yunon faylasuflari Levkipp va Demokrit tomonidan muayyan shakl va mazmunga, ya’ni o’ziga xos belgilarga ega bo’lgan narsa va hodisalarga, jumladan, atom yoki individ (ya’ni, bo’linmas) kabilarga xos xususiyatlarni aniqlash jarayonida ma’lum bo’lgan. Qad. Rim faylasufi Seneka I. tushunchasini yanada takomillashtiradi. I. o’ziga xos xususiyatlarni va mazmunini yo’qotmay turib, boshqa bo’laklarga bo’linmaydigan aniq bir narsa (mavjudot) ekanligini e’tirof etgan. O’rta asrlar falsafasida I. inson shaxsi tushunchasini ifodalagan. 17- a. da I. bilan bog’liq fikrmulohazalar nemis faylasufi Leybnits ta’limotida atroflicha rivojlantiriladi. I. nemis adibi I. V. Gyote ijodida ham o’z ifodasini topdi. I. romantizm dunyoqarashi uchun ham xos xususiyatdir.

Individuallik

shaxs

Shaxsning xislatlarini ifodalashning asosi bu individuallik.

oddiy ijtimoiy xislatlar

Odamzotni alohida biologik organizm sifatida ifodalovchi xislatlari

Ijtimoiy va biologik bo’gliqliklar

соотношении социального и биологического (

Ko’rib chiqish darajasi va shaxsni ifodalash:

Structure of the person on Freyd

" A principle of pleasure " primitive, instinctive and inherent aspects of the person, something dark, biological, chaotic, not knowing of the laws which are not submitting to rules.

ИД

ЭГО

(From лат. "я") is a part of mentality responsible(crucial) for acceptance of the decisions. Эго aspires to express and to satisfy desires Ид according to restrictions imposed by the external world.

" The executive body " the persons: by area of course of intellectual processes and decision of problems.

Супер - ЭГО

THE CONSCIENCE - includes ability to a critical self-estimation, presence of moral interdictions and occurrence of feeling of fault

ЕГО - ideal. He is formed that environmental approve or highly appreciate in the man; he conducts to a choice for itself(himself) of the high standards, which should correspond(meet). And if the purpose is achieved, it causes feeling of self-respect and pride.



Супер- Эго it is considered generated, when the parental control is replaced with self-checking

Супер-Эго, trying completely to brake any общественно condemned pulses from the party Ид, tries to direct the man to absolute perfection in ideas, words and acts. Tries to convince Эго of advantage of the idealistic purposes above realistic.