LESSON 39
HOME ASSIGNMENTS
I. Ma’lumotlarni o’qing va eslab qoling:
Do you know that
1. at rest the blood makes a complete circle in our body within 20-25 seconds? 2.
within 70 years of life the human heart contracts about 2.5 milliard times and
pumps 145 million litres of blood? 3. at rest the human heart pumps 4 litres of
blood per minute but on great physical exertion 40 litres? 4.
the man can live
without water for 10 days and without food for more than a month?
II. Quyidagi so’zlar talaffo’zini eslab qoling va tarjima qiling :
academician [
əˌkædəˈmɪʃ(ə)n
], coronary [
ˈkɒrənəri
] , defect [
dɪˈfɛkt
],
biochemical [
ˌbaɪəʊˈkɛmɪkəl
], manipulation [
məˌnɪpjʊˈleɪʃən
], interval [
ˈɪntəvəl
],
characterize [
ˈkærɪktəraɪz
], hypothermia [
ˌhaɪpəʊˈθɜːmɪə
]
III. Quyidagi so’z va so’z birikmalarini yodlang:
suffer [
ˈsʌfə
] (from) v azob chekmoq; qiynalmoq
congenital [
kənˈʤɛnɪtl
] a tug’ma
besides [
bɪˈsaɪdz
] adv …dan tashqari
failure [
ˈfeɪljə
] n to’xtashi; shikastlanishi; buzilishi
heart failure yurakni to’satdan to’xtab qolishi (yurak paralichi)
fibrillation [
ˌfaɪbrɪˈleɪʃən
] fibrillyasiya, titrashi
arrest [
əˈrɛst
] n to’xtash; v to’xtab qolmoq; to’xtatmoq
damage ['
ˈdæmɪʤ
] n shikast, zarar; v zarar yetkazmoq
result in [
rɪˈzʌlt
[
] v …ga olib kelmoq; result from natijasida kelib chiqmoq,
danger [
ɪn ˈdeɪnʤə
] n xavf-xatar
exclude [
ɪksˈkluːd
] v chiqarmoq
bandage [
ˈbændɪʤ
] v bog’lamoq; bog’lam
incision [
ɪnˈsɪʒən
] n kesish
IV. Quyidagi so’z va so’z birikmalarini o’qing va tarjima qiling:
1. congenital [
kənˈʤɛnɪtl
]:
congenital disease, congenital heart defect, to suffer
from a congenital heart defect
2. failure [
ˈfeɪljə
]: heart failure, cardiac failure, to reveal heart failure, to prevent
the development of heart failure
3. result [
rɪˈzʌlt
]: to result in the
impairment of heart function, the inflammation
resulted from infection
V. Quyidagi so’z va so’z birikmalarini predloglari bilan yodlang:
in
the presence
of,
to result
in,
to result
from,
to suffer
from,
to be
operated
on for
smth, to be preceded
by,
a damage
to
some organ, because
of
a bad state,
within
a
certain period
of
time
VI. 1. Tekst E ni o’qing. 2. a) 'it is ... that' kuchaytiruvchi konstruksiyasi
ishtirok etgan gaplarni toping va tarjima qiling; b) Perfect Continuous zamon
guruhida qo’llanilgan fe’l ishtirok etgan gaplarni toping va tarjima qiling 3.
Quyidagi so’z birikmalarini tarjima qiling:
ushbu buzilishlar bilan, yurak porogi, yurak shovqinlarining aniqlanishi
Text E. Cardiosurgery
Cardiosurgery has been developing successfully in our country. The
beginning of its development was marked by the first operation on the heart
performed by prof. D.S.Gulamov. It is due to the work of such prominent surgeons
as Vishnevsky, Meshalkin, Petrovsky, Amosov, and others that great progress has
been achieved in Cardiosurgery. The lives of many thousands of people suffering
from cardiac diseases and from those of coronary vessels have been already saved.
The operations on the heart are performed to eliminate
the existing heart
defects, congenital or developed, and to restore the normal function of the heart.
The operation on the heart is preceded by various examinations, which
enable the surgeon to make a correct diagnosis.
The most important ones are
listening to the heart, its X-ray examination, electrocardiograms,
the revealing of
heart murmurs, and clinical and biochemical blood analyses. Only having made an
exact diagnosis and having come to the conclusion that the therapeo’tic measures
have been ineffective the surgeon can perform the operation on the heart.
The operations on the heart are very difficult to perform because of the
intricate (murakkab) anatomical structure of the heart and because the heart
constantly contracts.
Some operations are performed on the contracting heart, but such operations
give the surgeon only a very short period of time for his surgical manipulations.
Besides in such cases there is always the danger of
the impairment of cardiac
functions such as heart failure, fibrillation and others. In the presence of these
impairments complete or partial arrest of blood circulation develops.
Such intervals of blood circulation result in the damage to some organs, for
ehample, the brain can live without blood
supply only four-five minutes; if the
interval is longer the brain cells die.
