Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка для студентов

completeness – 
the text must be a complete whole; 
10) 
modality
– the attitude of the author towards what is being 
communicated;

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11) 
the author’s image – 
way the author’s personality is expressed in the 
text.
4. Textual Units. Supra-Phrasal Unity and Paragraph 
Analyzing the structure of the text, linguists identify semantically connected 
sentence sequences as certain syntactic formations. One of prospective trends in 
modern text linguistics is describing such syntactic formations, or text units, 
identifying patterns according to which they are built and studying relations 
between them. Irrespective of their specific features, all text units are united by 
their common function – they represent the text as a whole integrally expressing 
the textual topic.
There is no universal agreement as to the term that should be used to 
describe text units. In the Russian tradition the following terms were used to refer 
to such formations: “phrase”, “strophe”, “prosaic strophe”, “component”, 
“paragraph”, “microtext”, “period”, “syntactic complex”, “monologue utterance”, 
“communicative bloc”, “complex syntactic unity”, “supra-phrasal unity”. The latter 
is the most commonly used one.
It should be noted that there are some scholars who do not recognize the 
existence of linguistic units beyond the framework of the sentence. This opinion 
can be explained by the lack of a complete systematic description of linguistic 
peculiarities of such units.
The problem of text units has been addressed by numerous scholars both in 
this country and abroad. Speaking about Russian linguists, we should mention the 
works by I. R. Galperin, O. I. Moskalskaya, E. A. Referovskaya, Z. Ya. Turaeva, 
G. Ya. Solganik and others. A new approach to the nature of the text was proposed 
by Prof. Blokh, who introduced the notion of dicteme – the elementary topical 
textual unit.
The