Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка для студентов

derivation morphemes
, i. 
e. those which serve to build words, we are only interested in them in so far as 
they are grammatically relevant, and that is the case if they show that the 
word belongs to a certain part of speech, and if they serve to distinguish one part of 
speech from another. This grammatical significance of derivation morphemes, if it 
is there at all, is always combined with their lexical meaning. For instance, if 
we take this pair of words: 
write 
v. and 
writer 
n., the derivative morpheme 
-er 
has a grammatical significance, as it serves to distinguish a noun from a verb, 
and it has its lexical meaning, as the lexical meaning of the noun 
writer 
is 
different from that of the verb 
write.
Inflection morphemes
have no lexical meaning or function. There is not 
the slightest difference in the way of lexical meaning between 
live 
and 
lived, 
or 

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between 
house 
and 
houses. 
However, an inflection morpheme can acquire a 
lexical meaning in some special cases, for instance if the plural form of a noun 
develops a meaning which the singular form has not; thus, the plural form 
colours 
has a meaning, 'flag', which the singular form 
colour 
has not. These are 
cases of lexicalisation. 
 
4. Distributional analysis. Morphemic analysis. IC-analysis 
By the term 
distribution
we understand the occurrence of a lexical unit 
relative to other lexical units of the same level (words relative to words / 
morphemes relative to morphemes, etc.). In other words by this term we 
understand the position which lexical units occupy or may occupy in the text or in 
the flow of speech. The 
distribution
of a unit is the sum total of all its 
environments. The environment of a unit may be either “right” or “left”. It is 
readily observed that a certain component of the word-meaning is described when 
the word is identified distributionally.
The