Lectures and and the video above may be helpful

Please write one page reflection on your experience of translation and refer to the cases when you encounter problems in finding adequate translation due to stylistic peculiarities of the discourse. (Lectures 1 and 2 and the video above may be helpful)

Stylistic problems of translation may be approached from several angles: styles of language, their peculiarities, their goals and their interrelation; stylistic meaning of words; stylistic devices, their nature and structure, their expressive function; foregrounding of linguistic means for stylistic purposes and its attention-compelling function.

A style of language is dependent upon the sphere of communication and the aim of communication which determine the peculiar choice of language means. These means are interrelated and form a system is characteristic of each style. Texts belonging to different styles of language possess distinctive stylistic features and thus are easily recognizable although they may to some extent vary from language to language. These features can be classified as leading or subordinate, obligatory or optional. The leading or dominant features form a common core in the S and T languages. They are reflected in the composition of each text, in its syntactic structure, in the choice of linguistic means and stylistic devices. The same means naturally occur in different styles but their use and functions are different.

Translating metaphor with a simile, retaining the image. Books are mirrors. – Kitob-bu oyna. Translating a metaphor (simile) by simile plus sense (i.e. plus explanation of the sense). This transformation is used if there is risk that a simple transfer of metaphor will not be understood by most readers.

Converting metaphor to sense, that is explicatory translation: I guess I keep hoping that if we stay right where we are, she'll come back, and we can turn the clock back. (D. Steel) - Мне кажется, я все еще надеюсь, что если мы останемся здсь, она вернется и все будет как прежде. This procedure is justified only in case of a dead metaphor. In other cases, the expressiveness of the metaphor should be compensated in a nearby part of the text.

From my experience I can say, some stylistic periphrases do not present difficulties for translation, however, their correct translation strongly depends on the situation and appropriate background information. For example, one time I had to translate simultaneously the speech and at that time there were some phrases: Lake country (= England); The Lord; Almighty; Goodness; Heavens; the Skies (= God); a shield-bearer (= a soldier); a play of swords (= a battle). At that time I made mistakes while translating. But after analyzing the speech and translation, I could understand them.

In addition to that, it is important to distinguish words with emotive connotations from words, describing or naming emotions and feelings like anger or fear, because the latter are a special vocabulary subgroup whose denotative meanings are emotions. They do not connote the speak­er's state of mind or his emotional attitude to the subject of speech.

Thus if a psychiatrist were to say You should be able to control feelings of anger, impatience and disappointment dealing with a child as a piece of advice to young parents the sentence would have no emotive power. It may be considered stylistically neutral.

On the other hand an apparently neutral word like big will become charged with emotive connotation in a mother's proud description of her baby: He is a BIG boy already!

 The evaluativecomponent charges the word with negative, positive,

ironic or other types of connotation conveying the speaker's attitude
in relation to the object of speech. Very often this component is a part
of the denotative meaning, which comes to the fore in a specific
context.

The verb to sneak means «to move silently and secretly, usually for a bad purpose» . This dictionary definition makes the evaluative component bad quite explicit. Two derivatives a sneak and sneaky have both preserved a derogatory evaluative connotation. But the negative component disappears though in still another derivative sneakers (shoes with a soft sole). It shows that even words of the same root may either have or lack an evaluative component in their inner form.