Компьютерные сети. Интернет

VIDEO. INTERNET
The history of the Internet, in a sense, began with 1958 when the United States organized an organization called ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency).
Prior to 1968, work was underway within ARPA and elsewhere to connect computers. In 1967, a symposium was held by three independent computer network developers: ARPA, NPL, RAND. In 1968, the first Network was built, based on modern Internet principles.
Over the next ten years, many organizations and universities joined the ARPANET. By 1978, all the basic protocols which are still in use on the Internet.
In 1982 The European UNIX Network (EUnet) was founded. Prior to this, only the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom were members of the Network. The Domain Name System was born in 1984. In 1989, the number of connected computers reached one hundred thousand. By the end of the 80s, more than ten countries were connected to the Network.In 1991 WWW technology was developed. By this point, ARPANET had already ceased to officially exist. It's time for the modern Internet.
In 1994, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) created specifications for a new IP addressing standard.
IP-address (ip-address, short for Internet Protocol Address) is a unique network address of a node in a computer network built using the IP protocol. The Internet requires global address uniqueness; in the case of working in a local network, the uniqueness of the address within the network is required.
DNS(Domain Name System) is a distributed database that maintains a hierarchical naming system to identify hosts on the Internet. The DNS service is designed to automatically look up an IP address using a known symbolic hostname. The DNS specification is defined by RFCs 1034 and 1035. DNS requires a static configuration of its tables that map computer names to IP addresses.
DNS provides the ability to map each used IP address to a symbolic domain name. A domain name is a sequence of letters or words organized in a hierarchy. At the top of the hierarchy are the top-level domains. Examples of such top-level domains are given below:
.com - various commercial organizations, for example,microsoft.com;
.edu - educational organizations, for example, ucla.edu;
.gov - US government organizations, for example, whitehouse.gov;
.org - non-profit organizations, such as redcross.org;
.net - organizations providing network services, for example, compuserve.net;
.by- Belarusian organizations, for example,bsu.by;
.ru - Russian organizations, for example, eureca.ru.