Компьютерные сети. Интернет

COMPUTER NETWORKS. THE INTERNET
Done By: Mardonov B.
Lecture plan

• Main stages of development of network technologies
• Classification of computer networks.
• General structure of a computer network. Network topology
• Characteristics of the data transfer process
• The history of the formation and development of the Internet
• Internet services
• Internet addressing.

The ability of computers to quickly process information became the basis for the use of computers as a means of communication.
The first data network -SAGE(Semi Automatic Ground Environment) appeared in the USA (1947). It consisted of 40 giant computers connected by a telephone line.
Computing networks that combine large computers began to be developed in the 60s. 20th century In the USA it was a networkARPANET(after the supervising organization DARPA - Defense Advanced Research Project Agency), and on the territory of the former USSR - a network of the Academy of Sciences in Leningrad.
The first aircraft were based onprinciple of centralized data processing, which uses batch data processing and does not meet the high principles of information processing reliability.
Distributed data processingis the processing of data performed on independent but interconnected computers, which is a distributed system.
Communication networkis a set of communication channels, equipment, communication centers and nodes that ensure the functioning of the network. To ensure the compatibility of network sections with different technical parameters and functionality, special agreements are in place -protocols.
There are six main stages of network technologies:

• Telegraph and telephone networks (pre-computer era).
• Data transmission networks between individual subscribers via dedicated and dial-up channels using modems.
• Circuit-switched data transmission networks.
• Local computer networks.
• Digital networks of integral service.
• High-speed networks for synchronous transmission of voice and video information.