Kirish. Muvozanatli narx

Narx o’zgarishining byudjet chizig’iga ta’siri.

Iste’molchi hatti-harakatini tushunishda iste’molchi byudjetining cheklanganligi muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Byudjet cheklanganligi iste’molchining muayyan ‘ul daromadlari mavjudligi sharoitida narxlarning muayyan darajasida u yoki bu turdagi tovarlarning ma’lum cheklangan miqdorini sotib olish imkoniyati orqali ifodalanadi. Iste’molchi byudjetining cheklanganligini grafikda ikki turdagi tovarni sotib olishning turli kombinastiyalarini ko’rsatuvchi byudjet chizig’i shaklida ham aks ettirish mumkin.
Iste’molchi byudjeti chizig’ining holatiga uning daromadlari va tovarlar narxining o’zgarishi ta’sir ko’rsatishi mumkin.
Misol uchun, iste’molchi daromadining muayyan miqdorida 20 birlik A tovar yoki 10 birlik V tovar sotib olish mumkin bo’lsin (13-chizma). Birdaniga sotib olinishi mumkin bo’lgan har ikkala tovarning turli kombinastiyalari G byudjet chizig’ida joylashadi. Agar iste’molchining daromadi 2 barvar oshsa, u holda uning byudjet chizig’i ham tegishli ravishda G₁ holatiga siljiydi. Aksincha, daromadning kamayishi, byudjet chizig’ining ham qisqarishiga va G₂ holatiga siljishiga olib keladi.

A tovar 40 20 G1 10 G G2 0 5 10 20 V tovar

13-chizma. Daromad o’zgarishining byudjet chizig’iga ta’siri.
O’z navbatida narxning o’zgarishi ham byudjet chizig’idagi turli o’zgarishlarni keltirib chiqaradi (14-chizma). Jumladan:
1) V tovar narxining ‘asayishi byudjet chizig’i burchagining o’zgargan holda yangi chiziq hosil bo’lishiga olib keladi (M chiziq);
2) B tovar narxining oshishi byudjet chizig’i burchagining o’zgargan holda yangi chiziq hosil bo’lishiga olib keladi (N chiziq):
3) A va V tovarlar narxi ilgarigi nisbat saqlangan holda oshsa, u holda eski chiziqqa ‘arallel bo’lgan yangi chiziq hosil bo’ladi (L chiziq).

A tovar L N M 0 V tovar