Kimyoviy bog‘lanish

(2005-DTM.)
1. [Pt(NH₃)₆]Cl₄ kompleks birikmadagi markaziy atomning gibridlanish turini aniqlang.
A) sp³ B) sp³d¹ C) sp D) sp³d² E) sp²

2. Qattiq uglerod(IV) oksid (quruq muz)ning

tuzilishi qanday xususiyatlar bilan ifodalanadi?
A) sp³-gibridlanish, burchak 109⁰, molekulyar kristall panjarali
B) sp²-gibridlanish, burchak 120⁰, atom kristall panjarali
C) sp-gibridlanish, burchak 180⁰, molekulyar kristall panjarali
D) sp-gibridlanish, burchak 180⁰, atom kristall panjarali
E) sp²-gibridlanish, burchak 120⁰, molekulyar kristall panjarali

3. Bor ftorid molekulasidagi B atomi valent orbitalining gibridlanishi va molekuladagi atomlar orasidagi burchakni toping.

A) sp³, 109⁰,28^’ B) sp², 180⁰ C) sp, 180⁰
D) sp, 120⁰ E) sp², 120⁰

4. Kumol molekulasidagi benzol halqasi bilan bevosita bog‘langan uglerod atomining oksidlanish darajasi ... ga teng bo‘lib, u ... gibridlangan holatidadir.

A) -1; sp³ B) -2; sp³ C) +1; sp² D) +3; sp² E) 0; sp

5. Ammiak molekulasining fazoviy tuzilishi va markaziy atomining gibridlanishi-

A) piramida va sp³ B) chiziqli va sp
C) teng tomonli uchburchak va sp³
D) tetraedr va sp³ E) kvadrat va sp²

6. Chumoli kislotadagi uglerod atomining oksidlanish darajasi va gibridlanish turini toping.

A) 0, sp² B) +1, sp² C) +1, sp D) +2, sp² E) +2, sp

7. Kalsiy karbid gidrolizi natijasida hosil bo‘lgan gaz mahsulot aktivlangan ko‘mir ustidan o‘tkazilganda olingan aromatik modda tarkibidagi uglerod atomlarining oksidlanish darajasi va gibridlanishi-

A) 0 va sp² B) +1 va sp C) +1 va sp² D) -1 va sp²
E) -1 va sp

8. Qaysi molekulaning markaziy atomi sp³ gibridlangan bo‘lib, burchakli fazoviy tuzilishga ega?

1) CO₂ 2) NH₃ 3) SO₃ 4) CH₄ 5) C₂H₂ 6) H₂O.
A) 1, 3 B) 4, 5 C) 2 D) 6 E) 3, 6

9. CH₄, NH₃, H₂O qatoridagi molekulalarning valent burchagi qanday o‘zgaradi?

A) o‘zgarmaydi
B) oldiniga kamayadi, so‘ngra ortadi C) kamayadi
D) oldiniga ortadi, so‘ngra kamayadi E) ortadi

10. Qaysi molekulalarning markaziy atomi sp² gibridlangan holatda bo‘ladi?

1) H₂O 2) SO₂ 3) SO₃ 4) CO₂ 5) NH₃ 6) CH₄
A) 2,3,5 B) 2,3 C) 1,5,6 D) 3,4,5 E) 2,4

11. Silan molekulasining geometrik shakli qanday?

A) tetraedr B) burchakli C) chiziqli D) oktaedr
E) kvadrat

12. Qaysi moddalar molekulasida markaziy atom sp³- gibridlanish holida bo‘ladi?

A) SiH₄, CH₄, C₂H₄ B) BeF₂, H₂O, NH₃
C) CH₄, H₂O, NH₃ D) H₂O, SO₂, BeF₂
E) BCl₃, NH₃, C₂H₂

13. Berilliy ftorid molekulasidagi berilliy atomi valent orbitalining gibridlanishi va molekulaning tuzilishini aniqlang:

A) sp², yassi B) sp², chiziqli C) sp, yassi
D) sp³, tetraedr E) sp, chiziqli

14. Metan molekulasidagi uglerod atomining gibridlanishi va fazoviy tuzilishini aniqlang.

A) sp³, tetraedr B) sp², oktaedr C) sp, chiziqli
D) sp³, yassi E) sp², yassi

15. Quyidagi molekulalarning qaysilarida markaziy atomning gibridlanishi sp holatda bo‘ladi?

1) BeCl₂ 2) CO₂ 3) H₂O 4) SO₂
A) 1,2 B) 1,4 C) 3,4 D) 1,3 E) 2,3

16. Uglerod(IV) oksid molekulasida uglerod atomining gibridlanish turini va buning sababini aniqlang.

a) sp; b) sp²; c) sp³;
1) uglerod atomining barcha valent elektronlari bog‘ hosil bo‘lishda ishtirok etadi; 2) uglerod atomi 2r-orbitalda ikkita juftlashmagan elektronlarga ega; 3) SO₂ molekulasi chiziqli tuzilishga ega
A) a-3 B) b-3 C) a-1 D) s-1 E) b-2

17. Quyida berilgan molekulalar markaziy atomlarining gibridlanish tiplarini aniqlang.

1) BeH₂ 2) BF₃ 3) CCI₄ 4) NH₃ 5) H₂O
A) sp³, sp², sp³, sp, sp³ B) sp, sp, sp³, sp³, sp³
C) sp, sp², sp³, sp², sp³ D) sp, sp², sp³, sp³, sp³
E) sp², sp, sp³, sp², sp³

18. Qaysi moddalar molekulasida markaziy atom gibridlanishi sp, sp², sp³ tartibda bo‘ladi?

A) SiH₄, CH₄, C₂H₄ B) BeF₂, H₂O, NH₃
C) CH₄, H₂O, NH₃ D) SO₂, SO₂, SiO₂
E) BCl₃, NH₃, C₂H₂

19. sp²-gibridlangan orbitallar yo‘nalishlari orasidagi burchak qanday bo‘ladi?

A) 120⁰ B) 104⁰5^’ C) 180⁰ D) 109⁰28^’ E) 90⁰
20. Qaysi molekulaning markaziy atomi sp² gibridlangan bo‘lib, burchakli fazoviy tuzilishga ega?
1) CO₂ 2) NH₃ 3) SO₃ 4) CH₄ 5) C₂H₂ 6) H₂O.
A) 1, 3 B) 4, 5 C) 2 D) 6 E) 3

21. larning mos ravishda gibridlanish holati-

A) sp²; sp²; sp³; sp³ B) sp²; sp³; sp²; sp³d
C) sp²; sp; sp²d²; sp² D) sp³; sp; sp³; sp
E) sp²; sp³; sp³; sp³

22. Suv molekulasidagi kimyoviy bog‘lanishda qaysi orbitallardagi elektronlar ishtirok etadi?

A) 2s-2p B) 2p-2p C) 1s-2p D) 2s-2s E) 1s-2s

23. Qaysi molekulalarning markaziy atomi sp³ gibridlangan holatda bo‘ladi?

1) H₂O 2) SO₂ 3) SO₃ 4) CO₂ 5) NH₃ 6) CH₄
A) 2,3,5 B) 2,3 C) 1,5,6 D) 3,4,5 E) 2,4

24. N₃O⁺; ionlar markaziy atomining gibridlanish holatini va ularning fazoviy shaklini aniqlang.

1) sp³; 2) sp²; 3) sp; 4) piramida; 5) tetraedr
6) teng tomonli uchburchak; 7) kvadrat
A) 3,4; 3,6 B) 1,4; 1,5 C) 1,4; 1,7 D) 1,4; 2,4 E) 2,6; 2,7