Khankeldiev Sh. Kh. Regional features of the physical status of youth students fergana 2022 Reviewer

7.6. PECULIARITIES OF WOMEN'S BODY REACTION TO PHYSICAL EXERCISES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF REGIONAL FACTORS

According to experimental studies of domestic and foreign authors (shh, Meliev, talat, Sukharev, filin, Yarotsky, zats idr), it is known that an increase in internal body temperature during exercise is one of the main factors that prevents an increase in sports achievements, and is associated with the possibility of overheating of the body and the onset of heat stroke and etc . Especially these dangers increase when performing physical exercises in conditions of high ambient temperature. Therefore, the issues of thermoregulation during exercise have long been the subject of close attention of researchers working in the field of scientific foundations of physical culture and sports.

Data on the mechanisms of thermoregulation during exercise, in conditions of high external temperature, have been summarized in recent years in a number of detailed reviews.
The first extensive studies comparing the physiological reactions of men and women when performing strenuous muscle work in conditions of high air temperature showed that women demonstrate less resistance to performing physical exercises in extreme conditions.
In several studies, the reactions of men and women who had approximately equal aerobic capabilities were compared, where it was shown that there were no differences between the sexes in relation to heat load during exercise.
The theoretical foundations described in the scientific literature of possible differences in the reactions of men and women to physical exertion performed in conditions of high ambient temperature have been hypothesized that men have an advantage over women when performing physical exercises in conditions of hyperthermia and low humidity.
It was revealed that if physical activity in terms of the relative values of maximum oxygen consumption with a high intensity equal to 60-70% of their maximum oxygen consumption, then in this case there are no significant differences in the functional reactions of men and women to physical activity.
In separate studies . it has been shown that there are no statistically significant differences in the rate of sweat excretion between men and women, if they have also passed the necessary period of acclimatization. An increase in the intensity of energy metabolism in men leads to greater heat release, as a result of which there is a need for greater heat transfer through evaporation in order to maintain thermal balance. Experimentally /158/. it was revealed that the rate of sweating during high volume and intensity physical exercises is highly correlated with heat production.
Acclimatization to exercise in conditions of hyperthermia and low ambient humidity leads to a decrease in skin temperature, a decrease in heart rate and an increase in the rate of sweating.
There were no significant differences in thermal tolerance between men and women who had passed the period of acclimatization, while before the start of acclimatization, tolerance in women, before the start of acclimatization, the tolerance estimated by the work time limit, was relatively lower.
The analysis of the above material gives grounds to assert that when performing physical exercises in conditions of high ambient temperature, women have some advantages over men due to the fact that their body surface to weight ratio reaches large values. Under these conditions, the amount of sweating is not a limiting factor, since the heat transfer due to evaporation of the body is relatively small. The rate of sweating in men when performing physical exercises in conditions of high humidity and ambient temperature is higher than in women.
Considering the fact that in women the ratio of body surface to weight is much higher, this facilitates the return of heat through radiation and convection gives advantages to women when performing physical exercises in hyperthermia.
It was found that acclimatization to exercise in conditions of high ambient temperature and humidity leads to an increase in heart rate and temperature decreases equally in both men and women.
It was suggested that women who worked with an intensity equal to about 80% of the values of maximum oxygen consumption had approximately the same heart rate and rectal temperature during the first 90 minutes of exercise. It has been shown that after acclimatization, the intensity of sweating increases more in men than in women.
An interesting factor related to the analysis of the characteristics of women's reactions to physical activity performed in conditions of high ambient temperature is the comparison of trained and untrained women. The facts currently available indicate that women with a low level of physical fitness are less tolerant towards women with a high level of aerobic capabilities.
It was experimentally established that the first signs of acclimatization are observed after the first physical exercises /162/. It was shown that trained female athletes maintained a minute volume of blood to a better extent during exercises in conditions of high temperature and humidity of the surrounding air than poorly trained subjects.
Concerning the methods of sports training of female contingents, it was revealed that the use of interval training methods in running increases the length of time during which the subjects can perform high physical activity in conditions of high ambient temperature.
Training reduces the threshold amount of physical activity that leads to sweating in women. However, trained women begin to sweat with greater intensity than untrained / 1 A.I. Yarotsky suggested that the earlier onset of sweating and its higher intensity in trained athletes are probably associated with increased secretory activity and with the sensitivity of sweat glands, which increases as a result of sports training.
It is known that thermoregulation in women during monthly cycles changes somewhat when the core temperature of the body increases during the ovulation phase.
Several studies have shown that the reactions of women's bodies in response to physical activity performed under high ambient temperatures are somewhat different in the phase of the menstrual cycle. Sweating begins somewhat earlier in the period preceding ovulation, and later - in the post-ovulation phase, sweating is suppressed by estrogens and stimulated by testosterone.
It is reported that there are small differences in rectal temperature, skin temperature, as well as in the intensity of sweating during various phases of the menstrual cycle when the subjects are in a chamber with a high ambient temperature.
In studies conducted at different phases of the menstrual cycle, and related to the performance of physical exercises in hyperthermia, the results obtained do not give grounds to come to certain conclusions. Body temperature was slightly higher or unchanged during exercise in a comfortable environment in different phases of the ovulation cycle. At the same time, there were also no statistically significant differences in energy production when performing exercises in different phases of the cycle.
It was not possible to establish differences in endurance indicators, heart rate and sweating rate when performing physical exercises in different phases of the menstrual cycle.
It seems that the combined effect of heat and exercise masks cyclical changes in the physiological reactions of the body in different phases of the monthly cycle.
Summing up the above, we can conclude that when men and women perform exercises with identical relative intensity (in % of their level of maximum oxygen consumption), the differences between us in their response to physical exercises performed in conditions of high temperature and low humidity of the surrounding air are negligible,
It follows from the above experimental data that women are more able to withstand high air temperature when it is accompanied by high humidity. Greater tolerance of women to exercise in conditions of high temperature and humidity is associated with a more favorable ratio of their surface and body weight, which facilitates heat transfer through radiation and convection. The threshold of sweating as a result of training is reduced in cases when the exercise takes place in conditions of high humidity of the environment, and evaporation is not an effective mechanism of heat transfer. As a result of training, there is an earlier suppression of excessive sweating in trained athletes in comparison with untrained ones, which protects the body of women from excessive loss of moisture. Studies conducted on the female contingent failed to detect a significant effect of the phases of the menstrual cycle on physiological reactions when performing physical exercises in conditions of hyperthermia.