2.
Ibid
: Vol. 3, p. 75.
3.
Balazuri: p. 141.
Chapter 36
(The Completion of the Conquest)
Page 1
Created by PDF Generator (http://www.alientools.com), to remove this mark, please register the software.
"There are many virtues of al-Sham and its people established by the Book, the
Sunnah and the traditions of the people of knowledge, and this is one of the things I
relied upon in my encouraging the Muslims to fight the Tatars, my order to them to
remain in Damascus, my forbidding them from fleeing to Egypt, and my inviting the
Egyptian military to Syria and consolidating the Syrian military there …"
[Ibn Taymiyyah, speaking of the events of 700-702AH, when Damascus was successfully
defended against the ravaging Mongol army]
1
After Yarmuk the remnants of the Roman army withdrew in haste to Northern Syria and
the northern part of the Mediterranean coast. The vanquished soldiers of Rome, those
who survived the horror of Yarmuk, were in no fit state for battle. The victorious soldiers
of Islam were in no fit state for battle either. Abu Ubaidah sent a detachment to occupy
Damascus, and remained with the rest of his army in the region of Jabiya for a whole
month. During this period the men rested; spoils were collected, checked and distributed;
the wounded were given time to recover. There was much to be done in matters of
administration, and this kept the generals occupied.
In early October 636 (late Shaban, 15 Hijri), Abu Ubaidah held a council of war to
discuss future plans. Opinions of objectives varied between Caesarea and Jerusalem. Abu
Ubaidah could see the importance of both these cities, which had so far resisted all
Muslim attempts at capture, and unable to decide the matter, wrote to Umar for
instructions. In his reply the Caliph ordered the Muslims to capture Jerusalem. Abu
Ubaidah therefore marched towards Jerusalem with the army from Jabiya, Khalid and his
Mobile Guard leading the advance. The Muslims arrived at Jerusalem around early
November, and the Roman garrison withdrew into the fortified city.
For four months the siege continued without a break. Then the Patriarch of Jerusalem, a
man by the name of Sophronius, offered to surrender the city and pay the Jizya, but only
on condition that the Caliph himself would come and sign the pact with him and receive
the surrender. When the Patriarch's terms became known to the Muslims, Sharhabeel
suggested that instead of waiting for Umar to come all the way from Madinah, Khalid
should be sent forward as the Caliph. Umar and Khalid were very similar in appearance;
2
and since the people of Jerusalem would only know Umar by reports, they could
perhaps be taken in by a substitute. The Muslims would say that actually the Caliph was
already there-and lo, he comes!
On the following morning the Patriarch was informed of the Caliph's presence, and
Khalid, dressed in simple clothes of the poorest material, as was Umar's custom, rode up
to the fort for talks with the Patriarch. But it did not work. Khalid was too well known,
and there may have been Christian Arabs in Jerusalem who had visited Madinah and seen
both Umar and Khalid, noting the differences. Moreover, the Patriarch must have
wondered how the great Caliph happened to be there just when he was needed! Anyhow,
the trick was soon discovered, and the Patriarch refused to talk. When Khalid reported the
failure of this mission, Abu Ubaidah wrote to Umar about the situation, and invited him
to come to Jerusalem and accept the surrender of the city. In response the Caliph rode out
with a handful of Companions on what was to be the first of his four journeys to Syria.
Umar first came to Jabiya, where he was met by Abu Ubaidah, Khalid and Yazeed, who
had travelled thither with an escort to receive him. Amr bin Al Aas was left as
commander of the Muslim army besieging Jerusalem. Khalid and Yazeed were
magnificently attired in silk and brocade and rode gaily caparisoned horses-and the sight
of them infuriated Umar. Dismounting from his horse, he picked up a handful of pebbles
Created by PDF Generator (http://www.alientools.com), to remove this mark, please register the software.
from the ground and threw them at the two offending generals,
"Shame on you"
, shouted
the Caliph,
"that you greet me in this fashion ! It is only in the last two years that you
have eaten your fill. Shame on what abundance of food has brought you to! By Allah, if
you were to do this after 200 years of prosperity, I should still dismiss you and appoint
others in your place."
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |