the same, in terms of their calculations. It means for those two actions above
respectively each of their numbers are the same: possible choices - 3, possibility of
them - 1/3, 1/3, 1/3. And since it has the same probabilities and possible choices,
the result we expect from them is also the same. The mathematical view of it
would be like that:
a) P
1
(A) - the key is on the first floor = 1/3,
P
1
(B) - the key is on the first floor = 1/3,
P
1
(C) - the key is on the first floor = 1/3.
b) P
2
(A) - the pen is red = 1/3,
P
2
(B) - the pen is blue = 1/3,
P
2
(C) - the pen is yellow = 1/3.
In the final P
1
(A) = P
2
(A), P
1
(B) = P
2
(B), P
1
(C) = P
2
(C).
And now let's get started our experiements.
1. For that, we take one coin ( obviusly, has two equal sides ). Let A be tails
of the coin after tossing it and B is heads. In the experiement, if a coin be 17
th
time
on tails, it will be A
17
action and so on ( like A
1 ,
A
2
, A
3
... ) and vice versa ( B
1,
B
2,
B
3
... ). We will toss the coin unlimited time ( theoritically, of course ) and count
how many times it is on tails or heads. These actions are both accidentally and
posible. Since we toss the coin unlimited times, there's a chance for both sides be
unlimited times ( just imagine the number of positive integeres and negative ones
and whole integers, all of them are unlimited, but negative numbers + positive
numbers + zero = all integers ). In other words all possible actions are A
1
A
2
A
3...
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A
∞,
B
1
B
2
B
3...
B
∞.
We came up with this idea, because there's
no obstacle for any
of them for not to be happen ( if you toss a coin limitless times, why can't it be on
tails/heads limitless times. ). So first step is done.
2.The next step. Now we make another casual action. Just similar with the
firt one, as we met in commitment #1. In the first action we have A
1
A
2
A
3...
A
∞
,
B
1
B
2
B
3...
B
∞
possible choices. For all A possibilities we take equal amount of
white balls ( it means unlimited balls ) and for B ones we ta ke black ones ( also
limitless ). Now we have two set of unlimited balls then they are p ut in a sack (
theoritically, a very big sack ). Now our second action is ready, a sack full of equal
amounts of white and black balls. Let me remind you that for every possible action
in #1 event, we have one ball in #2 event. As we expected in our commitments
above they are similar possible actions and expectations for their possibilities are
the same. It means that basing on one's result, it can be made a conclusio n for
another's.
So, both sides of the experiement are ready, let's begin the it: the coin is
tossed totally accidentally, while balls are accidentally taken from the sack ( once
toss then take a ball, both casual ). We repeate the action untill we run ou t of
possible choices ( they are unlimited, but " theoritically " it may be finished ).
Since tossing a coin unlimited times is impossible, the results of it is unknown as
well, I mean it is possible to know thousands or millions of times, because we can
do it and after that we will have the exact result. But in this situation it is
practically impossible . The same situation with a sack, too. However, although we
can't take out unlimited balls from the sack, we still know what the final result is
gonna be. Simple logic: there were two types of balls ( black and white ) which the
number of them is equal ( both limitless ). After taking every single of the balls
out, the sack gets empty and the result we got would be limitless white balls (N
w
)
and limitless black balls (N
B
). Obviusly, N
W
=N
B.
According to two commitments
we made, the result of the first experiement ( the coin ) would be the same result
we got in the second one ( the sack and balls ) or the number of heads is equal
with the number of tails as a result.
The problem was by tossing a coin endless times, how many tails and heads
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we have or how would be their ratio was unknown. To find this, we made
commitments and experiements which are suggesting the total number of heads
and tails will be the same ( 50/50 ).
So what is it. Why is that. Let me explain it. It's been widely known in
tossing a coin, the possibility of tails and heads are 0,5. And knowing it we "
predict the future", and get ready for it. Usually it works somehow, but not always
and not exactly. However, it's still better than having no information about future.
How it works has been one of the main concern of scientists for a few centuries.
Unfortunately, nobody found the answer, so that it bacame one of the axioms of
the math ; " For every accidental action, there's a number P(A) which satisfies 0 ≤
P(A) ≤ 1 expression and called it's probability ".
Let us go back to the experients again. How that happened. The coin had two
possible results which are A and B. It was known that the coin was about to be
tossed limitless time, and we needed to know that what kind of possibility we
should expect. So that we listed all possible results: A
1
A
2
A
3...
A
∞ ,
B
1
B
2
B
3...
B
∞ .
Since nothing resists, each of them, including A
∞
B
∞
could happen.
It is easy to understand that after imagining that after some toss A
n
happened,
then ( if it is A, of course ) A
n+1
has to happen then A
n+2
A
n+3.
.. And finally when
we about to run out of choices ( theoritically ) it is A
∞ -2
A
∞ -1
A
∞
and that's it, no
way for A. In the end it can be like that. A is over but we have a few thousands (
maybe millions ) choices of B:
The experiement is not over yet, so we continiue to toss the coin but we don't
have any A choices. In the second experiement it would be like we are taking balls
out, all of a sudden the last one of white balls has been picked ( because we
exactly know how many balls are there and we are counting ). In this p articular
moment, it is clear that the sack has only black balls. We keep taking balls out as
the experiement isn't finished. After some time, the last black ball comes out then
the experiement is finished. The result is as we know 50/50.
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Working with infinite number can be real awkward and make some open -
ended questions. But as I wrote earlier the number of tosses is ∞ , in everycase it
can be either A or B.
Σ A + Σ B = Σ N
here A is the amount of results which is tails, B is the amount of results
which is heads and N is the number of total tosses.
To show the result of the coin toss, we kinda changed the coin action to the
sack action so we'd have pretty clear and understable result and solution.
Back to experiements. Getting rid of both chances means getting rid of
chances to toss. And when they are over, continueing becames impossible ( it's
like there's no any more rooms ).
In those experiements it clearly emerged that not only the possiblity of coin
thing equals to 0.5 but also the results after they happened equals to 0.5. Of
course, exact 0.5 came after repeating the experiement endless time. However,
doing it many times gives us some probable results. Although the more rep eating
the action, the more clearer answers we got, it is not related linearly. See the graph
below:
This graph illustrates my ideas about results and number of repeating it which
affects that result. And according to my suggestion it reaches exactly 0.5 by
unlimited repeated actions ( it also may reach during actions, too , but in the end
exactly reaches ).
All I wanted to say about the probability and the way it works is that all. To
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explain this I used a coin and a sack which is the simpliest way among many other
possible ways. However there are plenty of other actions that can be used, like
cube or something, but the way or technique or meth od is the same. The words
quoted in the beginning of the article clearly explains this thing: as both sides have
the same amount of opportunity to happen, they have to be equal, 50/50. First, one
side consumes its whole energy ( chances ) and comes the max imum p oint , but
the other still has some. While the first one can not go on, the second goes and
reaches maximum ( 2
nd
graph beautifully describes this process ). When they both
finish their chances, the experiement will be over ( because simply, there is not
any more chances, it is impossible to carry on ). And when it is over the final
result, 50/50 comes out.
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