Isma university

2. Classification of information

1. Information is subdivided into 2 types according to the form of presentation:
- a discrete form of information presentation is a sequence of symbols that characterizes an intermittent, changing value (the number of road accidents, the number of serious crimes, etc.);
- an analog or continuous form of information presentation is a value that characterizes a process that does not have interruptions or gaps (human body temperature, vehicle speed on a certain section of the path, etc.).
2. According to the area of ​​origin, information is distinguished:
- elementary (mechanical), which reflects the processes, phenomena of inanimate nature;
- biological, which reflects the processes of the animal and plant world;
- social, which reflects the processes of human society.
3. By the method of transmission and perception, the following types of information are distinguished:
- visual, conveyed by visible images and symbols;
- auditory, transmitted by sounds;
- tactile, transmitted by sensations;
- organoleptic, transmitted by smells and tastes;
- machine, issued and perceived by means of computer technology.
4. Information created and used by a person, according to public purposes, can be divided into three types:
- personal, intended for a specific person;
- mass, intended for anyone who wants to use it (socio-political, popular science, etc.);
- special, designed for use by a narrow circle of people involved in solving complex special problems in the field of science, technology, economics.
5. The following types of information are distinguished by coding methods:
- symbolic, based on the use of symbols - letters, numbers, signs, etc. It is the simplest, but in practice it is used only to transmit simple signals about various events. An example is the green light of a street traffic light, which informs pedestrians or vehicle drivers that the movement is possible.
- text based on the use of combinations of characters. Here, as in the previous form, symbols are used: letters, numbers, mathematical signs. However, information is contained not only in these symbols, but also in their combination, the order of sequence. So, the words KOT and TOK have the same letters, but contain different information. Due to the interconnection of symbols and the display of human speech, text information is extremely convenient and is widely used in human activities: books, brochures, magazines, various kinds of documents, audio recordings are encoded in text form.
- graphic, based on the use of an arbitrary combination in the space of graphic primitives. This form includes photographs, diagrams, drawings, drawings that are of great importance in human activities.
The properties of information can be considered in three aspects: technical - these are accuracy, reliability, signal transmission speed, etc..; semantic - this is the transfer of the meaning of the text using codes and pragmatic - this is how effectively information affects the behavior of an object.