Irrigation

NaOCl

• Buffering had little effect on tissue dissolution.
• Dakin's solution was equally effective on necrotic and fresh tissues.
• No differences were recorded for the antibacterial properties of Dakin's solution and an equivalent unbuffered hypochlorite solution

• Zehnder et al. (2002)

Questions concerning the use of sodium hypochlorite

• Appropriate concentration
• Method of delivery
• Cellular damage caused by extrusion into the periradicular tissues.

In Vitro Antibacterial Studies

• High resistance of E. faecalis and the high susceptibility of C. albicans to NaOCl.
• C. albicans was killed in vitro in 30 s by both 5% and 0.5% NaOCl.
• E. faecalis was killed in less than 30 s by the 5.25% solution, while it took 10 and 30 min for complete killing of the bacteria by 2.5% and 0.5% solutions.

• Radcliffe et al (2004) , Gomes et al. (2001) Peciuliene et al. (2001) ,Waltimo et al. (1999)