Introduction to Satellite Communication 3rd Edition



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ebooksclub.org Introduction to Satellite Communication Artech House Space Applications

Table 8.2
Basic Comparison of Onboard Thrusters Used for Various Commercial Satellite
Missions
Typical I
sp
Thrust Force
Type
Propellant
Energy
(
sec
)
(
N
)
Cold gas
N
2
, NH
3
, He
Gas pressure
100
0.01–50
Solid fuel
Dry mixture of fuel,
Chemical
300
10–10
6
rocket motor
oxidizer, binder
Monopropellant
Hydrazine
Exothermic
230
0.05–25
decomposition
Bipropellant
MMH and N
2
O
4
Chemical
300
10–10
6
EHT
Hydrazine, NH
3
Exothermic
300
0.05 to 3
decomposition
and electrothermal
ARCJET
NH
3
, N
2
H
4
Electric arc
800
0.05–5
heating
Ion propulsion
Hg, Xe, Ce
Electrostatic
3,000
10

6
–0.5
8.3.4.1
Reaction Control System
The liquid fuel tanks, fuel lines, values, and thrusters make up the reaction control
system (RCS), which is an integral part of the bus. Figure 8.18 shows a conceptual
drawing of a basic spinner’s RCS, which uses a single liquid fuel called hydrazine.
With the tanks having been pressurized prior to launch and with the spacecraft
spinning on orbit, fuel exits the tanks and remains in the lines. The drawing is not
accurate in that the lines are actually connected to the tanks on the side facing the
exterior (solar panel) so that rotation forces the fuel out of the tanks.
The system shown in Figure 8.18 is split into redundant halves, either of which
could support the mission with one axial and one radial thruster and a pair of
tanks. An interconnect latch valve, which normally blocks connection between the
two halves, can be commanded open to allow fuel from one side to move to the
other. It normally is used during the mission to equalize fuel load and pressure,
but it also can allow access to half the fuel in the event of a thruster open failure.

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