Introduction to Health and Safety at Work

see
Display screen equipment
DSEAR 
see
Dangerous Substances 
and Explosive Atmospheres 
Regulations 2002
Duties:
see also
responsibilities common 
law 5–6
Duty of care 7
Duty holders, responsibilities 287–90
Earmuffs 265
Earplugs 265
Ears:
human 260
protection 264–5
Eating facilities 258
Economics 64–5
Ejection hazards 168
Electric arcing 192
Electric burns 189–90
treatment 190
Electric shock 189
treatment 190
Electrical equipment:
selection 195–6
suitability 195–6
Electrical explosions 190–2
Electrical fi res 190–2
Electrical hazards 187–200
general control measures 194–5
inspection strategies 197
maintenance strategies 192
protective systems 195–6
Electrical (Safety) Regulations 1994 400
Electricity:
construction hazards and control 284
defi nitions 188–9
injuries 189–94
inspection strategies 197
maintenance strategies 197
principles 187–8
static 192–3
Electricity at Work Regulations 
1989 347–9
Elevators 149–50
Emergencies:
assembly and roll call 93
chemical and biological hazards 243

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Index
445
procedures 92–4
supervisors 93
Emergency planning, fi re 220
Employees:
duties HSW Act 13
representation 63
responsibilities 32
Employers:
duties 7, 14
responsibilities 32
Employers Liability (Compulsory 
Insurance) Act 1969 and 
Regulations 1998 349–51
Enforcement, HSW act 12–14
Engineering controls:
COSHH regulations 237–8
design 82
England and Wales, legal system 4–5
Entanglement hazards 168
Environment Agency 15
Environmental considerations
chemical and biological 
hazards 244–6
Environmental Protection Act 1990 
312–20
Environmental protection defi nition 2
Equipment:
operating environment 163–4
specifi c risks 161
working environment 163–4
Ergonomics:
ill-health effects 251–4
task design 250–8
workstation design 250–8
Errors, human 56–7
Escape routes, fi re 216
Escape times, fi re 216–17
EU 
see
European Union
European Courts 5
European Union (EU)
directives 9
infl uence of 8–9
Evaluation, risk levels 71–2
Examination:
air receivers 163
boilers 163
lifting equipment 154–5
Excavations 297–8
construction hazards and control 
282
precautions 297–8
Exceptional violations 58
Expectant mothers, risk assessment 
74
Explosions, electrical 190–2
Exposure assessments 85–6
External agencies 14–15
External infl uences 63–5
Eye protection 242
Falling:
from height 132–3, 280
protection against 280
Falling object protective structures 
(FOPS) 170
Falling objects, protection against 281
Falls:
from height 132–3, 280, 281
slips and trips 132
Fault and no-fault compensation 416
Files, health and safety 290
Financial arguments 18–19
Fines 
see
penalties
Fire:
alarm testing 94
authority 14–15
basic principles 204–5
classifi cation 206
common causes 208–9
compartmentation 218–19
construction hazards and 
control 283–4
detection 214–15
drills 94
electrical 190–2
emergency planning 220
extinguishers 219–20
hazards and control 201–21
location at risk 210
means of escape 215–17
notices 93, 93–4, 99
people with a disability 220–1
persons at risk 210
risk assessment 209–12
fi ndings 211
maintenance 212
monitoring and reviewing 211
plans 211
refurbishment 212
structural features 211
risk reduction 210–11
routines 93
RRFSO:
enforcement 204
offences 204
safety duties 203–4
training staff 220
warning 214–15
Fire fi ghting equipment
maintenance 220
provision 219–20
Fire hazards:
dangerous substances 212–4
identifi cation 209–10
Fire precautions (Workplace) 
regulations 1999 201
Fire protection:
buildings 217–19
load of building 217
Fire spread principles 206–8
First Aid Regulations 1981 358
First aider 95–36
First-aid 94–7
appointed persons 95
arrangements 96
box 95
contents 95
personnel numbers 96
Flying object hazards 133
Follow-up, incident investigation 121
FOPS 
see
Falling object protective 
structures
Fork lift trucks 150–2, 170–1
Forms:
incident investigations 121
injury reports 126–7
inspection report, construction
site 300–1
job safety analysis 100
manual handling risk 
assessment 156–8
safety method statement 78
Framework, management 19–2
Frequency, Portable electrical appliance 
testing 198, 199
Fuel sources, fi res 205
Gamma rays 266
Gas Appliances (Safety) Regulations 
1992 400
Gas safety (Installation and Use) 
Regulations 1998 400
Global adverse events, work 
related 403
Grinder safeguards 178
Guards:
adjustable 174–5
construction 185
fi xed 174
interlocking 175, 176
machinery 173–5, 176
Guidance:
best practice 11
legal 11
Hand protection 241–2
Hand-arm vibration syndrome 
(HAVS) 252
Hand-held tools, work equipment 164–7
HAVS 
see
Hand-arm vibration syndrome
Hazard defi nition 3
Hazardous substances, classifi cation 
and health risks 224–5
Hazardous Waste Regulations 246, 341
Hazards:
checklist 76–7
construction activities 278–98
defi nition 69
elimination 81
excavations 297–8
fi re 201–21
heat and radiation 265–8
identifi cation 71
machinery 171–3
manual handling 143–55
mechanical handling 143–55
mechanical machinery 167–9
mobile work equipment 169–71
movement of people and 
vehicles 130–41
non-mechanical machinery 171
pedestrians 130–2
reduced time exposure 82
substitution 81–2
vehicle operations 135–6
work equipment 159–85
working above ground level 291–2

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Index
446
Health defi nition 1
Health hazards:
biological 223–46
chemical 223–46
construction hazards and 
control 284–5
specifi c agents 228–32
survey techniques 235–6
Health risks 70
control 84–6
survey techniques 235–6
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 
(HSW Act) 9–14, 38–9, 307, 
309–12
overview 10–11
Health and Safety Commission 
(HSC) 10, 14, 307–8, 311–12
Health and Safety (Consultation 
with Employees) Regulations 
1996 43, 338–9
Health and safety culture 49–65
Health and Safety (Display Screen 
Equipment) Regulations 1992 
345–7
Health and safety fi le, management of 
construction activities 287
Health and Safety File Regulations 332
Health and Safety (First Aid) 
Regulations 1981 358
Health and Safety (Information for 
Employees) Regulations 1989 
358–9
Health and safety management 
systems
basic elements 405–6
benefi ts and problems 414–15
international 405–11
involvement of stakeholders 411–12
Health and safety plan, of construction 
activities 287
Health and safety policy, checklist 
28–30
Health and safety rules, company car 
drivers 141
Health and Safety (Safety Signs and 
Signals) Regulations 1996 
384–6
Health and safety standards, 
promotion 58–9
Health surveillance 242–3
Heat, transmission principles 206–8
Heat hazards 265–8
Height working 291–7
construction hazards and 
control 279–80
Heinrich’s accidents/incidents ratio 51
Hierarchy, risk control 81–4
High voltage apparatus, work permit 91
Highway Code 141
Hoists 153, 154
Hold-to-run control 176–7
Hot work, permit 91
Housekeeping, risk control 82
HSC 
see
Health and Safety 
Commission
HSG 65, international health and 
safety management 
system 406–7
HSW Act