Introduction to Fire Safety Management

The Cost of Accidents at Work
, 
HS(G)96, 3, 4
insured and uninsured accident 
costs, relationship between, 4
Crowd movement, 247–9
behaviour of people in a crowd, 247
in crashed plane at Manchester 
airport, 249
dynamics may be affected by 
parents, 248
fl ow rates, 247–8
Building Regulations Approved 
Document B, advice, 247
ergonomics, good signage 
necessary, 248
factors impacting on, 248
smoke movement, 248
spatial awareness, 248
Dangerous Substances and Explosive 
Atmospheres Regulation 
see
DSEAR
Dangerous substances/preparations, 
stored in buildings, a fi re risk, 
126
Data Protection Act 1998, 291
DCLG (Department of Communities 
and Local Government):
Fire Safety guides, 25
guidance in form of Approved 
Documents, 174
receives reports of all fi res in 
buildings (Form FDR1), 296, 297, 
307–10
Dead-end, defi ned, 173
Defl agration, 127
possibilities of transition to 
detonation, 128
propagating into large unconfi ned 
and unobstructed cloud, 128
slow burning, weak ignition source, 
128

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Index
406
Demolition work, contributes to fi re and 
explosion risk, 143
Detonation, 127
fl ame front speed of travel, 
supersonic, 128
Directors and senior managers:
health and safety as a boardroom 
issue, 38
informed about effectiveness of their 
systems, 275
need to understand implication of 
negative culture, 80
positive actions by boards of 
companies, 38
responsible for putting in place 
arrangements to support positive 
safety culture, 39
specifi c personal liabilities, 39
Disability Discrimination Act (1995), 17, 
175, 349–50
provision of access to those with 
disabilities, 245
requires employers to make 
reasonable adjustments to 
premises, 258–9
Disability Discrimination Act (2005), 350
commonhold, 350
new provisions, 350
Disabled persons, 332, 336
assistance to escape, 258–62
confi rming the building is clear, 
261–2
employers to make reasonable 
adjustments to buildings, 258–9
evacuating members of the public, 
260–1
purpose of drills, evacuation and 
roll-calls, 261
questions for consideration, 
259–60
Codes of Practice for, recognising 
value of refuges, 198–9
evacuation via stairs, 210
escape facilities for, 209–10
escape time, 209
means of warning, 209
refuges, 209–10
vertical escape, 209–10
evacuation using special lift on an 
independent electrical supply, 
200, 209, 210
personal evacuation plans (PEEPs) 
for, 102, 255
sensory disablement, 244
stair lifts, do not use in emergencies, 
209
Discrimination (Employment) 
Regulations, 175
DIY outlets, risk of rapid fi re growth, 126
DSEAR (Dangerous Substances 
and Explosive Atmospheres 
Regulations (2002)), 16, 53, 134, 
150, 155, 374–6
emergency arrangements, 376
employers’ duties, 374
information and training, 376
regulation 6(4), 131
workplace classifi cation and marking, 
375
Dust explosions, 127, 130–1
Duty of Care Regulations 1991, 320
EAWR (Electricity at Work Regulation 
(1989)), 16, 376–8
means for cutting off the supply, 378
Electrical appliances and installations:
and accidental fi res, 136–7
and fi re prevention, 147–8
Electrical equipment:
sourced from reputable supplier, 
333–4
vacuum cleaner with unauthorised 
electrical joint, 333
Electrical installations:
protection of, 148
temporary:
causes of fi res relating to, 141
temporary lighting and fi re 
prevention, 162
Electrical safety systems, 148
Electrostatic discharge, 132, 140
management of in fl ammable 
atmospheres, 157–8
provision of lightning protection 
systems, 158
Elements of structure, 175–6
defi ned, 175
junctions, 176
required to have specifi c fi re 
resistance, 175, 178, 195
should continue to function in a fi re, 
175
Emergency containment systems, 
318–19
bunding, of impermeable areas, 318
catch pits and trenches, 318–19
portable tanks, oversize drums and 
tankers, 319
sacrifi cial areas, 318
Emergency controls, 52
method of isolation, 52
Emergency escape doors, securing 
mechanisms, 201–3
break glass locks, 202–3
break glass tube/panel, 202
cylinder mortice deadlocks, 202
electromagnetic locks, fl exibility in 
control of escape doors, 203
escape mortice deadlocks, 202
keys in boxes not acceptable, 203
non-deadlocking mortice 
nightlatches, 202
panic devices, 201–2
Emergency evacuation procedures, 
254–8
competent staff, 254–6
fi re alarm verifi er, 257
fi re incident controllers (FIC), 256–7
fi re marshals/wardens, 255–6
stewards/security staff, 257–8
for disabled people, 258–62
the procedure, 254
see also
Evacuation strategies and 
procedures
Emergency instructions, 253
clear, simple and understandable, 
253
fi re action notice, 253
use of different languages may be 
necessary, 253
Emergency lighting, 211–13
emergency escape lighting, 211, 212
categorisation of, 212, 213
requirements for luminance and 
response, 211–12
specifi cation, design and installation, 
must meet BS 5266:2005 
requirements, 212
monitoring of, 213
types of luminaries, 212–13
Emergency plans, ensuring safe 
evacuation of people, 248–51
availability of clear plan of the 
building, 250–1
based on fi ndings of the fi re risk 
assessment, 251
Fire Safety – An Employers Guide
, 
suggested contents of an 
emergency plan, 250
Emergency procedures, 112–14
equipment, 113
minimum stock of fi rst aid items, 
113
fi rst aid, 112–13
employer assessment of staff 
needs, 113
general steps, 112
staff, 113–14
triggering events, 112
see also
emergency evacuation 
procedures
Emergency routes and exits, 14, 15
Employees, 102
and the aftermath of fi re, 303
effects of fi re/adverse events, 285
general duty on, 347
health and safety training provided 
for all, 68
provision of special information for, 
65–6, 345–99
see also
HSWA (Health and Safety at 
Work.… Act (1974))
Employees, consultation with, 45–8
Health and Safety (Consultation with 
Employees) Regulations 1996 
(HSCER), 47–8
employers’ duties, 47–8
specifi c legislation requiring 
consultation (not HSWA), 46–7
Employees, and self-employed 
persons, 42–3
duties imposed by criminal and civil 
law, 347
high-risk industries, self-employed 
represent a signifi cant risk, 42

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Index
407
safety role and responsibilities 
variable, 42
statutory duties of employees, 41, 42
Employers:
duties imposed by criminal and civil 
law, 37–8, 346–9, 355–6
groups considered ‘neighbours’ of, 
19
other information co be 
communicated outside an 
organisation, 67
requirement to ensure arrangements 
made with external services, 
66–7
responsible for putting together 
emergency response plans, 114
should take advantage of 
technological advances to 
control risk, 73
work equipment to conform to EU 
standards and requirements, 51
see also
HSWA (Health and Safety at 
Work.… Act (1974))
Employers and employees:
absolute duties, 8
practicable duties, 8
reasonably practicable duties, 8
Employers’ Liability (Compulsory 
Insurance) Act (1969), 355–6
Enforcement notices, 348
Environment, in a SSOW, 110
Environment Act (1995), 356
Environment Agency, movement of 
special waste consignments, 
320
Environment and fi re 
see
Fire, 
environmental impact of
Environmental Protection Act (1990), 
16, 160, 350–2
authority for handling waste, 352
BATNEEC – best environmental 
technique not entailing excessive 
cost, 351
BPEO (best practicable 
environmental option), 351
defi nitions, 350