GLOBALIZING CONFUCIANISM
57
Journal of East-West Thought
Polarity (Supreme Ultimate
8
) as the highest formal
and unified trait of the
li
of the
cosmos and for each particular thing or event as its specific
ming
命
. All of these
complementary states or formal traits are often discussed in terms of
benti
本體
or the
origin-root or source of all the objects and events or for human beings as the
benxin
本心
manifesting the fundamental mind-heart of the person. Of course, the most
famous of ultimate state traits is
Dao
道
as the perfect good or ground of being
shi
實
and/or emptiness
xu
虛
of all that is, will be or can be. It is designated as the totality
of the cosmos manifesting
shengsheng buxi
生生不息
[
yi
(
已
)]
generation without
cessation, the processive and relational domain of Zhu’s vision of the field and focus
of the Confucian way. Moreover it also usually implies a moral ‘more’ to the myriad
things and events of the cosmos. For
Ru
/Confucians it functions as the axiological
focus of
Dao
道
as creativity itself for all things and events as
tiandao
天道
the
Supernal Dao.
Zhu Xi has another set of traits that exemplify the dynamic
yong
functions of the
configuring foci within the Supernal Dao as field for the foci. The most universal trait
is
Qi
氣
generative energy, vital action, configuring vitality or force functioning as the
dynamic matrix from which all object or events emerge and into which they all return
when their focal careers have been completed. Rather for the Buddhists, nothing lasts
forever for Zhu Xi.
Qi
is the unceasing creative, generative field or matrix of the
myriad things and events of the cosmos. It is manifested for the emerging human
person as
zhi
質
functioning as the ‘basic stuff’ of the
shen
身
body.
Yin
and
Yang
陰
陽
operate in a cooperative dialectic as the negative and
positive forces or poles of
generative energy and the dual and balanced modalities of the Supreme Polarity
taiji
太極
.
Yin
and
Yang
are the complementary dynamic vital forces and primal generative
traits of the differentiating forces of the cosmos. The sedimented meanings include
yang
as the sunny side of a mountain with
yin
as the shadow side;
yang
as male,
yin
as female;
yang
as active and firm,
yin
as passive, yielding, responsive;
yang
as
expansive,
yin
as reactive or recessive;
yang
as penetrating,
yin
as encompassing, etc.
Yin
and
Yang
are analogous and related to active and quiescent
dongjing
動
靜
states
of the related/correlative polarity of
taiji
.
In terms of human life,
xin
心
functions as the mind-heart at the living center of
the human person. The mind-heart needs to be cultivated by proper ritual civility
li
禮
with complete integrity
jing
敬
in order
to realize true virtue
de
德
; this demand for
moral self-cultivation requires an elevated level of informed intention
zhi
志
or
committed conformation to the
daoxin
道心
the mind-heart of the Dao or the
benxin
本心
root mind-heart of the Dao and of its manifestations This moral goal of the
achieved conformity to the
daoxin
is contrasted to
renxin
人心
the human (passionate)
8
The most common English translation of
taiji
has
been Supreme Ultimate, but Joseph Adler
has more recently suggested that Supreme Polarity better captures how Zhu Xi understood the
term.