ASIL Issue Papers on World
Conferences
, Washington, 1995, pp. 48 ff.
t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f h u m a n r i g h t s
325
mainstream of UN system-wide activity and that women’s rights should
be regularly and systematically addressed throughout the UN bodies and
mechanisms.
326
In the light of this, the fifth meeting of Chairpersons of
Human Rights Treaty Bodies in 1994 agreed that the enjoyment of the
human rights of women by each treaty body within the competence of
its mandate should be closely monitored. Each of the treaty bodies took
steps to examine its guidelines with this in mind.
327
It should also be
noted, for example, that the Special Rapporteur on Torture was called
upon by the Commission on Human Rights in 1994 to examine ques-
tions concerning torture directed disproportionately or primarily against
women.
328
In addition, the General Assembly adopted a Declaration on
the Elimination of Violence Against Women in February 1994,
329
and a
Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its Causes and Conse-
quences was appointed in 1994.
330
The International Labour Organisation
established the promotion of equality of opportunity and treatment of
men and women in employment as a priority item in its programme
and budget for 1994/5.
331
The Committee on the Rights of the Child
has also discussed the issue of the ‘girl-child’ and the question of child
prostitution.
332
326
See Part II, Section 3, 32 ILM, 1993, p. 1678. See also the Beijing Conference 1995,
Cook, ‘Elimination of Sexual Apartheid’; the Beijing plus 5 process, see General Assembly
resolution 55/71. In 2000, the General Assembly adopted resolution S-23/3 containing a
Political Declaration and a statement on further actions and initiatives to implement the
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action.
327
See HRI/MC/1995/2. See also the Report of the Expert Group Meeting on the Devel-
opment of Guidelines for the Integration of Gender Perspectives into Human Rights
Activities and Programmes, E/CN.4/1996/105, 1995. This called
inter alia
for the use of
gender-inclusive language in human rights instruments and standards, the identification,
collection and use of gender-disaggregated data, gender-sensitive interpretation of human
rights mechanisms and education and the promotion of a system-wide co-ordination and
collaboration on the human rights of women within the UN.
328
See resolution 1994/37. See also the Report of the Special Rapporteur of January 1995,
E/CN.4/1995/34, p. 8.
329
Resolution 48/104, see 33 ILM, 1994, p. 1049. Note also the adoption of the Inter-American
Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women
in June 1994,
ibid.
, p. 1534 and the March 2002 Joint Declaration by the Special Rappor-
teur on women’s rights of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, the Special
Rapporteur on Violence Against Women, its Causes and its Consequences of the UN Com-
mission on Human Rights, and the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa of
the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights which called for the elimination of
violence and discrimination against women: see www.cidh.org/declaration.women.htm.
330
See E/CN.4/2003/75.
331
E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/5, p. 6.
332
See further below, p. 331.
326
i n t e r nat i o na l l aw
The Committee Against Torture
333
The prohibition of torture is contained in a wide variety of human rights
334
and humanitarian law treaties,
335
and has become part of customary in-
ternational law. Indeed it is now established as a norm of
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