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LITERARY LANGUAGE AND METHODICAL ORGANIZATION OF
SPEECH
Niyazova Aysholpan Abdikarimovna
PhD student
Uzbekistan State University of World Languages
From the mid-1960s onwards, linguists began to study the essence of discourse
and text. Looking at the speech phenomenon on a large scale, they begin to consider
the text as a product of human speech activity [2]. No text is beyond creation and
comprehension. Therefore, there are a number of bases devoted to the problem of text
creation, which describe the stages of text formation as a product of the process of
speech activity.
The development of the English literary language shows that every word and
compound that is used and appears in human speech is reflected in the language
associated with the history of that nation [3].
They become clear only when a philological analysis of the texts that reflect
this. That is why the history of literary language is a philological science.
Literary language is essentially a creatively enriched and reworked form of the
vernacular. Along with creating text, there is also the process of perceiving it. A
number of works have been created on this issue.
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A comprehensive study of the text was also not overlooked. This work, by its
nature and essence, indicates that the study of the text is carried out in several
directions.
Thus, it is a text-speech view and is considered a functionally complete
speech integrity. Text is a unit of communication that serves as a means of
implementing language system units.Given that the text is a speech piece, when
examining the set of sentences and phrases that serve as a link in it, one must pay
attention to its three sides, the units of language, the text, and the unit of
communication.The first of these units is in the field of language construction, while
the other two are in the field of practical application of language. In the study of
language structure, texts are used as language material, from which language units -
phonemes, morphemes, lexemes, sentences are extracted.
Language units separated from the text participate as the object of study.
Language units are divided into relevant areas, and the relevance and specific features
within each area are considered; in phonology - phonemes, in lexicology - lexemes,
in morphemes - morphemes, etc. Thus, the image of phonological, lexicological,
morphological and other systems is created. On the basis of these images, language
units are formed and studied.
In the study of language units in terms of their application in practice, the
relationship between language units and the text is considered from a different
perspective. At certain stages in the development of linguistics, in some linguistic
studies, texts ceased to be a direct source of study as linguistic material. As a result,
they were limited to analyzing language and speech units separated from texts. As a
result, linguistics quickly began to lose its philological essence. This is why the
notion that language is an abstract phenomenon has emerged.
Under the influence of such a concept, linguistics differs from literary criticism
in its object of study. Linguistics is also concerned with determining the size and
content of language units. In these kinds of studies we see that linguistics has risen to
the level of philological research. It is important not only for linguistics but also for
English philology to enter into the essence of the history of the English literary
language on the basis of this concept. This is an important direction in the study of
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the history of the English literary language and the spiritual wealth of the Uzbek
people.Defining the place of linguistics in philology, G.O. Vinokur writes [4,p 21].
No other chapters can be written without it. Linguistic methodology serves as a link
between the history of language and the history of other cultural fields.
Hence, the study of language as a cultural fact related to the study of other
spheres of social life is the object of philology. The philological aspect of linguistics
is reflected in linguistic stylistics (more precisely, historical stylistics). When
analyzing facts related to linguistics, literature, and history in philology, it is
necessary to study the nature of language and its application, which is a manifestation
of national culture.
The study of the use of language in linguistics is carried out not only in
stylistics, but also in other disciplines that study language construction. The science
that studies the practical application of language is stylistics. Philology is a general
science that studies the history and essence of human spiritual culture through the
analysis of the language and stylistics of the text. Stylistics is a branch of linguistics
that studies the methods of language use, it studies language styles, speech styles,
genre styles, the writer’s personal style. In addition, the expressive means of language
(language methodology) and ways to use them in different speech relations are
studied.
Accordingly, stylistics: a) language stylistics; b) speech stylistics; c) divided
into text stylistics. Language stylistics is called functional stylistics. In this case, the
state of language units outside certain conditions is studied. Speech stylistics is
differentiated according to the use of language in a certain form in social life.
Text stylistics is also often referred to as practical stylistics. In this case, the
style of the text, the style of the writer, the style of literary flow are studied, in the
text language is not only a form of thought, but also an element of artistic image. Any
linguistic fact in the text (including non-literary dialectisms, jargons) can serve an
artistic function. The functional style is based on the general facts of language, while
the artistic style is limited only by the given text feature. The function of language
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material changes in the text. Text stylistics examines how language has become an art
phenomenon in literature.
The vocabulary structure and phraseological system of literary language is
enriched not only at the expense of national language words, but also by borrowing
words from other languages.
The grammatical structure of the vernacular and all the factors in the
vocabulary cannot be taken as the norm of literary language. Words and phrases that
are excluded from the norm of literary language include dialect-specific words and
phrases, simple words and phrases, jargons and slang vocabulary, special professional
vocabulary.
The oral form of literary language is ancient, and ancient folk songs, epics,
tales, anecdotes, proverbs, riddles were created in this form and passed from mouth to
mouth and polished. The formation and improvement of the written form of English
literary language is related to the emergence of writing. However, the written form of
literary language must be studied without distinguishing it from the oral form, for
without it it is impossible to study the formation of literary language.
The written form of literary language is not only a means of direct communication
between people, but also a means of communication with people living in other
places and times.
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