INNOVATION IN THE MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEM
56
the intensive development of agriculture based on artificial irrigation, the
emergence and growth of cities and villages. The earliest settlements of the
ancient people of the region appeared in the mountain forests, which are
covered with various wild animals and wild plants, along the foothills of the
river flowing from the Boysun Mountains. The oldest of them are the
Teshiktash and Machay caves of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic period
(100-12 thousand years BC). The bones of a Neanderthal child were found in
the Teshiktash cave, and this discovery led to the scientific conclusion that
the Central Asian region was one of the regions of modern human
formation. The Zarautsoy rock paintings found in the Kohitang Mountains
date back to the Mesolithic or Neolithic period (12-5 thousand years BC).
More than 200 paintings have been found on the ceilings and walls of a
small cave in Zarautsoy, which are masterfully painted on the cave walls
using ocher paint. The main part of the pictures depicts the magic hunting
of wild oxen. In 539-330 BC, Central Asia, including Bactria (including the
Surkhandarya region), became part of the Achaemenid Empire with
satrapic rights. It was later conquered by Alexander the Great (329-327 BC).
After the disintegration of the state he founded in 306 BC, Alexander
became part of the Salavka state. In the middle of the 3rd century BC,
Diadot, the Seleucid satrap of Bactria, established an independent state in
science called Greco-Bactria and proclaimed himself king. His state lasted
until the middle of the 2nd century BC. During this period, Hellenistic policies,
which had a significant impact on the material and spiritual life of Central
Asia, became widespread. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Greco-
Bactrian kingdom collapsed under the influence of the Saks, and then
completely disintegrated due to the invasion of the Yuezhi-Tokhars. Kudzula
Kadfiz, from the Kushan tribe of the Yuechji-Tokhars, founded the great
Kushan Empire in the first half of the first century AD. Northern Bactria
(Surkhandarya) was also part of the Kushan Empire, and the Iron Gate and
powerful defensive fortifications (located in the present-day Boysun district)
were built during the reign of the Kushan kingdom. history is characterized
by increased progress in all spheres of life. In particular, it has played an
important role in the exchange of spiritual and cultural values between the
peoples of the East and the West. The two main routes of the Great Silk
Road passed through the territory of the Kushan state. Excavations in
Dalvarzintepa and Kholchayon show that the city of Kushans was a center
of high culture. During this period there was an intensive development of
handicrafts and agriculture, the growth of commodity-money relations, the
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |