Ingliz tilidan Slayd tayyorlash

Literature

• The Finnish script came into being in 1521 under the influence of the Reformation movement that began in F.C. M. Agricola, a representative of the Reformation, began publishing printed books in the mid-16th century, and most religious books were published during the 3rd century. The literature of the 19th century developed in connection with the liberation of the Finnish people from Swedish oppression, the formation of the nation, and the propagation of the ideas of the Enlightenment. In 1830, the Helsinki Literary and Philosophical Circle was established. A year later, Tugarak members formed the Finnish Literary Society (which still exists). Folklorist E. Lyonrot (1802-84) published the folk epic "Kalevala". The poet YL Runeberg, the philosopher, publicist and critic YV Snelman made a significant contribution to the development of literature. A. Kiwi, the founder of New Finnish literature and the first author of national dramas and novels, ushered in new realist traditions in literature. S.Topelius wrote historical novels, Yu.Veksell wrote poems and plays, K.R.Kramsu wrote poems on social issues. Minna Kant, Yu.Axo, A.Yarnefelt, K.A.Leino and other writers accurately described the life of the people and the tragic fate of women in particular. In the early 20th century, various literary currents emerged. A.E. Leyno, L.Onerva, V.Kilpi followed the path of new realism, M.Lassila created comic stories and comedies, I.Kianto, M.Yotuni, Y.Lextonen were disappointed. After the Second World War, social problems dominated the novels of A. Eiki, M. Larni, V. Linna, P. Rintal, and V. Mary. Hella Vuolioki's authentic plays were an important achievement of Finnish drama. Since 1897 there has been an association of F. writers. Architecture and fine arts rich in traditions. Neolithic rock paintings, stone knives, bone tools, and pottery are preserved. In the 13th and 15th centuries AD, stone palaces and arches were built (Olavinlinna Fortress near Savonlinna, castles in Turku, etc.). In the 14th and 16th centuries, stone churches were built, and in the 17th and 18th centuries, wooden churches were built in the style of folk architecture (churches in Tornio and Keuru). In the mid-19th century, architecture was dominated by national romanticism (Helsinki Station Building, architect E. Saarinen), 19 a. late - early 20th century "modern" style became rayem. After World War II, buildings began to be rebuilt using modern construction, especially public buildings. Architects such as A.Aalto, R.Pietilla, A.Ervi created attractive compositions based on simple architectural forms (the administrative center of the city of Seynyatsalo, the Workers' House of Culture in Helsinki, the Palace of Finland, the President Hotel, etc.).