Ingliz tilida modallik manosini ifodalovchi fellar modal fellar deyiladi moddallik degani

6. was –were able to o’tgan zamondagi aniq bir vaziyatda qiyin ahvolga tushib qolsada, lekin baribir uddasidan chiqilgan ish harakatlarga ishlatiladi. Bu ma’noda “was able to” ning o’rniga “could” ishaltilmaydi: Marat played chess very well yesterday, but in the end I was able to win him. Marat kecha shaxmatni juda yaxshi o’ynadi lekin axiyri men uni yutishning uddasidan chiqdim.


COULD modal fe’li
1.Could o’tgan zamonda biror qobiliyatga umuman ega bo’lganlikni ifodalaydi. Could can ning o’tgan zamon shaklidir. “Qila olar edim, bajara olar edim” deb tarjima qilinadi: I could swim in the river when I was 5 years old: Men 5 yoshimdayoq daryoda suza olar edim.
2. COULD hozirgi zamonda ham ishlatiladi. Could hozirgi zamonda asosan so’roq gaplarda ishlatiladi va u Can ning yumshoqroq va muloyimroq shaklidir.
Can you open the door, please? Eshikni ochib yuboraolasizmi iltimos?
Could you open the door please? Eshikni ochib yuboraolasizmi, iltimos?
3. Could kelasi zamon ma’nosida can ga qaraganda yanada noaniq mumkinlikni ifodalaydi va could kelasi zamon manosida asosan taklif kiritishda ishlatiladi .
-What shall we do this evening? -We can go to the cinema. (80%). We could go to the cinema (60%) Bugun kechqurun nima qilamiz? Kinoga borishimiz mumkin.
4. Could have “mumkin edi” yoki “bo’lishi mumkin edi lekin”. O’tgan zamonda biror ish harakatni bajarishga imkoniyatimiz ham qobiliyatimiz ham bo’lgan-u, lekin o’sha ish harakatni bajarmay qoldirgan holatda “could have” ishlatiladi: We could have gone to the cinema yesteray but we didn’t go. Biz kecha kinoga borishimiz mumkin edi lekin bormadik. You could have helped me but you didn’t help me. Sen menga yordam berishing mumkin edi lekin sen menga yordam bermading.
May modal feli
1. Ikkita shakli bor hozirgi zamonda may o’tgan zamonda might. Majhul nisbatdagi gaplarda may ning o’rniga uning sinonimi to be allowed to, to be permitted to “ruxsat berilgan” ishlatiladi: Muslim may go. Muslim borishi mumkin. Sirojiddin is allowed to go by Muslim – Sirojiddinga borishga ruxsat berilgan Muslim tomonidan.