56
оқ қоғоз, кўм
-
кўк осмон
members
of
simple
word
combination)
осмондаги уч
ўрдак,
ҳаммадан
аълочи ўқувчи
In compared languages combinations of words can be classified according to
the type of syntagmatic relations as follows:
English
Coordinate
you and me
Subordinate
to see a house, a nice
dress
Predicative
him coming, for him
to come
Russian
Syntactically
free
высокий
дом,
идти
в
школу.
Syntactically
bound
три
сестры,
анютин
ы
глазки.
-
Uzbek
Independent
китоб ва дафтар.
Dependent
опамнинг китоби.
-
As it is seen in the table above there are some differences in classifying and
naming the word combinations in compared languages. In independent relation,
words have equal independent meaning. On the contrary, in dependent relations
words are divided into thehead (kernel) element (word) and adjunct. In this kind of
combinations, one of the words clarifies and fulfils another word.
Word combinations with the head element are represented by word groups
that form a grammatically organized structure with one element sub-ordinate to the
other element. The subordinating element is
called the head of the word
combination. In the following examples, the head elements are underlined: green
leaves, to type a letter, quite simple. According to the head element word
combinations have the following types in compared languages:
English → noun-phrases –
a cup of tea,
verb-phrases
–
to run fast, to see a
house,
adjective phrases –
good for you,
adverbial phrases –
so quickly,
pronoun
phrases –
something strange, nothing to do.
Russian → verb phrase –
прыгать
через
верѐвочку
,
бегал
по
двору
,
adverbial phrase
–
совсем
близко
,
на
едине
стобой
,
nominal phrase: substantial
–
красное
пальто
,
стол
с
тумбочкой
,
adjective
–
почти
серьѐзный
,
полный
сомнения
,
красный
отнатуги
,
pronoun
-
кто
-
нибудь
из
нас
,
я
с
товарищем
,
quantitative
–
один
из
нас
,
второй
по
порядку
.
Uzbek→ verb phrase –
вазифани бажармоқ, тез ўқиш
, nominal
phrase:
noun phrase –
кенг дала,
adjective phrase –
тухумдан кичик,
quantitative phrase
–
одамларнинг бири,
pronoun phrase –
ўқувчиларнинг ҳаммаси.
Types of dependent relation in Russian and Uzbek languages can be in three
types: agreement, government, and adjoining (contact).
57
Agreement is not often found in Modern English, but it is widely used in
Modern Russian and Uzbek. The agreement is agreeing with the head word and
dependent word in number and person (this
room-these rooms, that room-those
rooms, I have a book-he has a book). Agreement in Modern Russian is found in
such grammatical categories as gender, number, case, and person,
and in Uzbek
only in person and number: 1) Full forms of adjectives in Russian agree with
corresponding nouns in gender, number and case
(широкий залив, широкая река,
широкое озеро
– gender;
широкий залив –
широкого залива
– case;
широкий
залив –
широкие заливы
– number). In theplural, no agreement in gender is
observed (широкие заливы – no gender). 2) Short forms of adjective do not agree
in case. In singular
they agree in gender, number
(город красив, площадь красива
–
gender; город красив –
города красивы –
number).
In Plural they agree only in
number. Cardinal-numerals in case
(пяти домов, пятью домами).
Verbs in
Future and Present Tenses agree in number and person
(ученик пишет, ученики
пишут).
In Uzbek, only two combinations can be connected in agreement:
predicative and possessive connection. The predicative connection consists of
subject and predicate and considered as a sentence. In this relation subject and
predicate should be
in same person and number
(
мен келдим, сиз келдингиз, у
келди)
; in possessive connection, the head word is expressed with possessive
inflection, thedependent word takes
inflection of genitive case
(
бизнинг
китобимиз, менинг китобим, Навоий ғазали)
.
Government is a variety of syntactical connection in accordance with which
the use of the oblique case is dependent upon the grammatical meaning of the head
word. The governmentcan be found in all compared languages ERU. In English
government is used to join together 2 nouns: the noun-attribute usually is used in
the possessive case.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
