«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

15.
 
What did Mahmud Kashgariy do by analyzing a group of Turkic 
languages
a)
He defined the level of their genetic relationship to each other
b)
He found out Language Universals
c)
He analyzed the lexical units of all Turkic languages
d)
He compared all language of the world
TOPICS FOR PRESENTATIONS 
1. The notion of Linguistic and Non-Linguistic typology. 
2.
Introduction to Comparative Typology.
3.
Different approaches to language comparison. 
4.
Different types of comparison of language systems (panchronic, 
diachronic, synchronic). 
5.
The notions “type in language” and “type of language”. 
6.
Directions of comparative typological investigations. 
7.
Characterize internal and external approaches to thecomparison. 
8.
Types of language comparison in Comparative Typology.
SEMINARS 3-4. TYPOLOGY OF PHONETIC AND 
PHONOLOGICAL LEVEL OF ENGLISH, UZBEK AND 
RUSSIAN LANGUAGES 
 
►Classroom activities
Exercise №1. Brainstorming. Give your own understanding and opinions 
concerning to following terms. Discuss it in 10 or 12 minutes. 
Phonetic 
typology 

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142 
Exercise №2. Answer the questions: 
1. What is the theoretical foundation of phonetic and phonological 
typologies? 
2. What kind of differences do phonetics and phonology have? 
3. What is the typological comparison of vowel and consonant 
phonemes? 
4. Stress, intonation, assimilation, dissimilation, reduction, accent, 
rhythm and pause. 
Exercise 3. Complete a cluster "Phonology": 
 
 
►Home activities 
Exercise 1. Write 4 main aspects of PHONETICS and match them with the 
paragraphs below: 
1............................................ investigates the functioning of one’s 
speech apparatus and mechanism. It is based on profound knowledge of 
physiology and the structure of one’s speech apparatus. While investigating 
the articulatory aspect of speech sounds both subjective and objective 
methods are employed: the method of direct observation (concerning the lips 
PHONETICS 

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143 
& the tongue movements) – subjective method and X-ray photography and X-
ray cinematography (objective methods).
2................................................... studies the acoustic properties of 
sounds (quantity, timber/voice quality, intensity, the pitch of the voice and 
temporal factor) in terms of the frequency of vibration and the amplitude of 
vibration in relation to time. The analysis begins with a microphone, which 
converts the air movement into corresponding electrical activity. While 
investigating the acoustic aspect of speech sounds special laboratory 
equipment is employed: spectrograph, intonograph, sound analyzing & sound 
synthesizing machines.
3.................................................... is aimed at investigating the hearing 
process which is the brain activity. Auditory Phonetics and Acoustic 
Phonetics are very closely connected.
4.................................................... 
presupposes 
investigating 
the 
discriminatory (distinctive) function of speech sounds.