«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

Morphological typology
is a way of classifying the languages of the 
world that groups languages according to 
their common morphological structures. 
39. 
Analytic languages
show a low ratio of morphemes to words; 
in fact, the correspondence is nearly one-to-
one. Sentences in analytic languages are 
composed of independent root morphemes. 
40. 
Synthetic languages
form words by affixing a given number of 
dependent morphemes to a root morpheme. 
41. 
Due to the presence and 
absence of word forms
(prefixes, infixes, suffixes) language, 
words are divided into those, which 
have affixes, and those, which do not 
have them. 
42 
Language that does not have 
affixes
is called Isolate: Chinese, Japanese. 
43. 
Polysynthetic
When a word is a whole sentence, this 
type 
is 
called 
(American-Indian 
languages). These languages have a 
high morpheme-to-word ratio, a highly 
regular morphology, and the tendency 
for verb forms to include morphemes 
that refer to several arguments besides 
the subject. 
44. 
Agglutinative languages
have words containing several morphemes 
that are always clearly differentiable from 
one another in that each morpheme 
represents only one grammatical meaning 
and the boundaries between those 

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181 
morphemes are easily demarcated; that is, 
the bound morphemes are affixes, and they 
may be individually identified. 
45. 
Morphemes
in fusional languages are not readily 
distinguishable from the root or among 
themselves. Several grammatical bits of 
meaning may be fused into one affix. 
Morphemes may also be expressed by 
internal phonological changes in the root 
(i.e. morphophonology), such as consonant 
gradation and vowel gradation, or by 
suprasegmental features such as stress or 
tone, which are of course inseparable from 
the root. 
46. 
The term
grammatical category is based on 
grammar. It means the combination of 
the meaning, its form. (eg. Work+s 
=works / cat.of tense). 
47. 
The syntax
is the set of rules, principles, and 
processes that govern the structure 
of sentences in a given language, 
specifically word 
order. 
The 
term 
syntax
is also used to refer to the 
study 
of 
such 
principles 
and 
processes.
[3]
 The 
goal 
of 
many 
syntacticians 
is 
to 
discover 
the syntactic rules common to all 
languages. 
48.