Ingliz tili ikkinchi fakulteti

The term „phonetics‟ is the
("phone"-meaning sound, voice and
	greek word	"tika" - a science/box). It is a science
		which studies the phonetic substance
		and the expression area of the
		language, or otherwise a physical
		media of a language (sounds, syllables,
		stress, and intonation).
20.	From the acoustic and	the phonemic system of any language
	articulator points of view	may be divided into vowels and
		consonants.
21.	Segmental phonology	studies phonemes realized in avarious
		speech sound. Therefore, it may be
		called phonemics.
	Suprasegmental phonology	(prosodies) studies the distinctive
22.		features realized in syllables, stress,
		and intonation.
23.	The Prague linguistic school	was the center of phonological
		typology in its time. N.S. Trubetskoy is
		considered the founder of thetypology
		of thephonological system (theory of
		distinctive features).
24.	Word stress	or accent is usually defined as the
		degree of force or prominence with
		which a sound or syllable is uttered.
		Languages differ with word stress
		placement and degrees of it.
25..	Intonation	is a complex unity of speech melody,
		sentence stress, thetempo of speech,
		therhythm of speech, voice tember and
		pausation that enables the speaker to
		express his thoughts, feelings, and
		emotions.
26.	Dissimilation	When phonemes are pronounced in
		words, they change their place of
		165

articulation or their features, this

process is called assimilation.

27.

Reduction

is the process by which one of two

similar or identical sounds in a word

becomes less like the other, such as the

/ in English marble (from French

marbre).

28.

The accent

refers to various changes in the

acoustic quality of vowels, which are

related to changes in stress, sonority,

duration, loudness, articulation, or

position.

29.

Pysiological-acousticis

is

a

branch of acoustics that studies the stru

cture and branch function of the sound-

detecting and sound-

forming organs of man andanimals.

33.

34.

is

a

type of

vowel sound

that

occurs

in

most

spoken

languages,

represented

in

the

International

Phonetic Alphabet

by the symbol.

30.

Obstruent

is a speech sound such

as [k], [d ʒ],

or [f] that

is

formed

by obstructing airflow.

31.

Sonorant or Resonant

is a speech sound that is produced with

continuous, non-turbulent airflow in

the vocal tract; these are the manners

of

articulation

that

are

most

often voiced in the world‘s languages.

32.

Mid vowels.

The defining characteristic of a mid

vowel is that the tongue is positioned

midway

between

an open

vowel and

a close vowel.

33.

Phonology

is a

branch of linguistics concerned

with

the

systematic organization

of sounds in languages.

34.