Ingliz tili ikkinchi fakulteti

Questions for self-control:

1. 
   How can you define the main unit of lexical level?
   
2. 
   Howa word can be distinguished in all languages?
   
3. 
   What can be understood in the terms of hyperonyms and hyponyms?
   

4. 
   How can words be subdivided according to their meaning?
   
5. 
   What kind of types of a word can be found in compared languages?
   

6. 
   The problem of interference in foreign language teaching acquisition (Lexical level).
   

Recommended Literature:

0. 
   Akhmanova O.S. Lexicology: Theory and Method. M. 1972
   

0. 
   Arnold I.V. The English Word. M. 1986.
   

0. 
   Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского языков. Ленинград, 1979.
   

1. 
   Виноградов В. В. Лексикология и лексикография. Избранные труды. М. 1977.
   

2. 
   Comparative analysis of English, Uzbek and Russian languages word formation types
   

88
SEMINARS (30 hours)

SEMINAR 1. COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY AS A BRANCH OF LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY

►Classroom activities

Exercise 1. Complete a cluster “Typology”.


Exercise 2. Answer the following questions?

1. 
   What is typology?
   
2. 
   How many types is typology divided?
   

Exercise 3. Try to find English words which are connected with “typology” from the table below.

L	A	N	g	u	a	G	E	k	h
I	s	C	i	e	n	T	I	s	t
N	e	K	h	O	m	L	C	z	a
G	e	B	u	M	i	W	G	j	o
U	p	T	y	P	o	L	O	g	y
I	i	A	n	A	l	Y	S	e	x
S	c	W	o	R	d	S	E	q	m
T	a	T	h	E	o	R	Y	d	u

89
SEMINAR 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF TYPOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS


Exercise 1 . Answer the following questions?

23. 
    Which factors influence to the development of typology?
    
24. 
    Do you know causes of appearing comparative typology?
    

Exercise 2. Work in a group of 3-4 students and try to analyze 6 factors of the development of typology from ancient time until today, write which factors influence more than others and how.

Factors:

SEMINAR 3. CLASSIFICATION OF COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY ACCORDING TO Dr.BURANOV


Exercise 1. Read the statement below and find some mistakes among them. Typology is a branch of science which is typical to all sciences without any

exception. In this respect, their typological method is not limited to the sphere of one science. Typology may be divided intoNon-linguistic typology, Linguistic typology, Paralinguistic typology.

Non-linguistic typology is the subject matter of the sciences except linguistics. It can be political typology, medical or economic typology as well. Linguistic typology is a new branch of general linguistics which studies the systems of languages comparatively, also finds common laws of languages and establishes differences and similarities between them. And due to David Crystal‘s book ―Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics‖, Non- linguistic Typology is explained in this way: ―A branch of linguistics which studies the structural similarities between languages, regardless of their history, as part of an attempt to establish a satisfactory classification, or typology, of languages. The typological comparison is thus distinguished from the historical comparison of languages and its groupings can coincide with those set up by the historical method‖. Nowadays a lot of terms are used for defining this very type of science, such as Linguistic Typology, Comparative Typology, Contrastive Typology. But with the help of analyzing historical background, we will be able to realize the main notion of this branch of Linguistics. Typology is understood as a science of a whole comparison that has a

90
large number of factors of its development. However, if it is described as a structural typology, then numbers of factors of its appearance will diminish. As Maslow said: ―Typology does not deal with a limited number of languages. If it does, then it should be called ―characterlogy‖ or ―comparative description‖. Since the number of languages typology deals with can‘t be counted, languages are referred as an unlimited number of languages. The development of typology was very slow. It has several factors that influence to its development which are but not limited to typological imitation, ―Port Royal Grammar‖, historical comparative linguistics, theprocess of studying of languages without awriting system, theinfluence of writing, phonetics and practical and theoretical study of languages.