Independence Day of Uzbekistan national holiday of the Republic

Advantages of Social Media

When we look at the positive aspect of social media, we find numerous advantages. The most important being a great device for education. All the information one requires is just a click away. Students can educate themselves on various topics using social media.

Moreover, live lectures are now possible because of social media. You can attend a lecture happening in America while sitting in India.

Furthermore, as more and more people are distancing themselves from newspapers, they are depending on social media for news. You are always updated on the latest happenings of the world through it. A person becomes more socially aware of the issues of the world.

In addition, it strengthens bonds with your loved ones. Distance is not a barrier anymore because of social media. For instance, you can easily communicate with your friends and relatives overseas.

Most importantly, it also provides a great platform for young budding artists to showcase their talent for free. You can get great opportunities for employment through social media too.

Another advantage definitely benefits companies who wish to promote their brands. Social media has become a hub for advertising and offers you great opportunities for connecting with the customer.

Disadvantages of Social Media

Despite having such unique advantages, social media is considered to be one of the most harmful elements of society. If the use of social media is not monitored, it can lead to grave consequences.

It is harmful because it invades your privacy like never before. The oversharing happening on social media makes children a target for predators and hackers. It also leads to cyberbullying which affects any person significantly.

Thus, the sharing on social media especially by children must be monitored at all times. Next up is the addition of social media which is quite common amongst the youth.

This addiction hampers with the academic performance of a student as they waste their time on social media instead of studying. Social media also creates communal rifts. Fake news is spread with the use of it, which poisons the mind of peace-loving citizens.

In short, surely social media has both advantages and disadvantages. But, it all depends on the user at the end. The youth must particularly create a balance between their academic performances, physical activities, and social media. Excess use of anything is harmful and the same thing applies to social media. Therefore, we must strive to live a satisfying life with the right balance.

BILET-16

BOOKS AND E—BOOKS

Paper books and e-books are ways to absorb knowledge with many similarities and differences. Let’s begin by stating that despite all their visible dissimilarity, digital versions and paper books are alike in many ways. First, many of the conventions of a paper book are use in an e-book. For example, cover, title page, copyright page, table of content, chapters, paragraphs, etc. Second, readers use paper books and e-readers for the same purposes, that is, to study, relax, work, and learn some valuable information which is useful for everyday life. At the same time, these two have several characteristics. Though eBooks may be easier and faster to read, studies show paper books are better for comprehension. According to a study by Wendy Son that uses eye-tracking software, readers are more likely to skim eBooks than paper books, which leads to less understanding of the content. Depending on the depth of understanding you want out of reading, paper books appear to have the advantage here. The cost is another point of comparison. The money needed to afford a paper book is deliberately higher than that for an e-book.. In conclusion, paper book and e-book have differences which could be advantages or disadvantages to individuals. Readers have the discretion to decide to use whether both materials or just one of them

BILET—18

HISTORY OF THE CINEMA

Cinema came into existence more than a hundred years ago and still remains one of the most popular public entertainments. Now that the tickets to a cinema show have grown too expensive while people are busy in making money cinema halls are seldom full, but still there are a lot of cinema fans for whom there is nothing like going to the cinema.

In the early 19th century scientists took note of a visual phenomenon: a sequence of individual still pictures, when set in motion, can give the illusion of movement. This stimulated experimentation with motion-picture devices throughout the 19th century. Among the first such devices was a slotted disk with a sequence of drawings around its perimeter. When a person spun the disk, the drawings appeared to move.

Later inventors began to conceive of combining the principles of moving-image devices with the photographic recording of actual movement.

By 1895 the Lumiere brothers developed a lightweight, handheld camera, the cinematograph, permitting to shoot films. They also found out the way to show large images on a screen. Their first cinema show for the general public was held in Paris in December 1895.

Early films were short, they ran no longer than 10 to 12 minutes, which reflected the amount of film that could be wound on a standard reel for projection. These films were called one-reelers. Their purpose was to show something astounding, unusual, or perhaps newsworthy. But film-makers also struck out in new directions, especially towards fantasy and narrative. Feature films won the hearts of cinema-goers. Charlie Chaplin became internationally famous for his silent comedies.

Until the late 1920s movies lacked synchronous sound and were projected with piano accompaniment. Then they learned how to record sound.

The advent of recorded sound in the late 1920s changed motion pictures forever. Musical films became favourites among the early talkies.

Musical films seemed a logical outcome of recorded sound. But the genre gained wide popular appeal only after the Warner Brothers released a scries of musicals that broke with stage conventions, filming large groups of dancers from multiple viewpoints to create unique cinematic spectacles. Another type of movie musical featured individual performers, in particular the dance team of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers in such films as “Top Hat” (1935). From the early days of cinema, the films we think of as silent and black-and-white were screened not only with live musical accompaniment but in many cases in colour. This was initially accomplished by laboriously hand-tinting individual frames. Later, tinting machines were developed.

Colour was used in only a minority of films until the 1950s, when filmmakers turned more frequently to colour in an effort to differentiate movies from the increasingly popular medium of television, then available only in black-and-white. Further simplification and improvements in colour technology meant that colour movies had become the standard and black-and-white the exception by the 1960s.

But the advent of television caused the greatest disruption. Although motion-picture attendance had begun to decline before television became widely available, the rapid spread of home television sets in the 1950s was accompanied by a steady decline in moviegoing. In an effort to combat television’s appeal, movie companies adopted new technologies – wide-screen and three-dimensional processes – that offered a more spectacular screen image. At present computer technology has become a powerful means of making films even more fascinating.

Movies will always remain favourites, but it is much more pleasant to watch them on TV or have them on cassettes than to be dependent on what is on in the nearest cinema.

I am not a great cinema-goer. There is a cinema not far from the place where I live, but I go there occasionally and only if there is something interesting on.


BILET—19

THE ROLE OF CINEMA IN OUR LIFE




The movies are truly an art of our time. It is the greatest aesthetic and educational force in the world today.

 

The invention of the photography in 1828 played a very important role in the development of the cinema. 1895 became the year when the cinema was born. After the brothers Lumier had invented the cinematography, the cinema widely spread all over the world. The first movie theatres appeared in 1904. And in 1907 the literature works started to be widely used for the movie scripts. Now different movie versions of novels and stories of famous writers are still very popular.

 

The movies are a powerful force in contemporary life. Cinema is also used for educational purposes. Video classes are useful when studying geography, foreign languages and many other subjects. They are also the means of getting acquainted with the world. With the help of documentary and science films one can get much information about the world around. The news on TV helps to know what happens in the world each day. It also helps to attract the attention of people to different important problems, such as hunger, earthquakes, water pollution and so on.

 

The cinema is also the means of entertainment. After a working day one can relax watching some good movie. Nowadays people can’t just imagine their life without the art of cinema.

 BILET—21
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUSIC PREFERENCES AND PERSONALITY

New research from around the world suggests that an individual’s 

favorite music genre is closely linked to his or her personality. Professor Adrian North of Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK, has undertaken the largest study so far of musical tastes and personality type. He is an expert on music psychology and has carried out extensive research on the social and applied psychology of music, in particular the relationship between pop music culture and deviant behavior in adolescence, music and consumer behavior, and the role of musical preference in everyday life. Over the course of three years, Professor North asked more than 36,000 people in more than 60 countries to rate a wide range of musical styles in order of preference. Certain aspects of personality were also measured by questionnaire. The results showed:

Blues fans have high self-esteem, are creative, outgoing, gentle and at ease Jazz fans have high self-esteem, are creative, outgoing and at ease Classical music fans have high self-esteem, are creative, introvert and at ease Rap fans have high self-esteem and are outgoing

Opera fans have high self-esteem, are creative and gentle
Country and western fans are hardworking and outgoing
Reggae fans have high self-esteem, are creative, not hardworking, outgoing, gentle and at ease Dance fans are creative and outgoing but not gentle
Indie fans have low self-esteem, are creative, not hard working, and not gentle Bollywood fans are creative and outgoing
Rock/heavy metal fans have low self-esteem, are creative, not hard-working, not outgoing, gentle, and at ease Chart pop fans have high self-esteem, are hardworking, outgoing and gentle, but are not creative and not at ease Soul fans have high self-esteem, are creative, outgoing, gentle, and at ease North said he wanted to study why music is such a significant part of people’s identity. “People do actually definite themselves through music and relate to other people through it but we haven’t known in detail...

BILET—24

HOW SCIENCE CHANGED PEOPLE’S LIVES

If we look life 100 years ago, and compare that with the today's life, we will notice that Science has dramatically changed human life. With the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, the effect of Science on human life rapidly changed. Today, science has a profound effect on the way we live, largely through technology, the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

Some forms of scientific inventions have changed our lives entirely. For example the refrigerator has played a major role in maintaining public health ever since its invention. The first automobile, dating from the 1880s, made use of many advances in physics, mathematics and engineering; the first electronic computers emerged in the 1940s from simultaneous advances in electronics, physics and mathematics. Today we have extra high- speed super computers with 100 % accuracy.

Science has enormous influence on our lives. It provides the basis of much of modern technology - the tools, materials, techniques, and sources of power that make our lives and work easier. The discoveries of scientists also help to shape our views about ourselves and our place in the universe.

Research in food technology has created new ways of preserving and flavoring what we eat. Research in industrial chemistry has created a vast range of plastics and other synthetic materials, which have thousands of uses in the home and in industry. Synthetic materials are easily formed into complex shapes and can be used to make machines, electrical, and automotive parts, scientific, technical and industrial instruments, decorative objects, containers, packing materials and many other items.

1: The use of science in daily life has helped us a good deal in solving problems, dealing with the maintenance of health, production and preservation of food, construction of houses and providing communication and trans-portational (related to transport) facilities. With the help of Science we have controlled epidemics and much other kind of diseases. Now we know the basic structure of DNA and Genetic Engineering is conducting research to find out the right and correct Gene Therapy to overcome all the diseases.

2: Science has changed the people and their living, life style, food habits, sleeping arrangements, earning methods, the way of communication between people and recreational activities. All kinds of music systems, computer games, electronic video games, DVDs, cinema entertainment and communication have been brought to our door with the help of Science. The life of man was very different from what it used to be 100 years back. Science has given ears to the deaf, eyes to the blind and limbs to the crippled. Science has adequately, energetically and productively advanced, changed, civilized, enhanced and progressed human life. Science has brought sophistication to human life.

In short science has changed, improved, enhanced, modified and refined human life in all ways.

3: Today with the help of Science we can explain what was strange and mysterious for the people of the past. The Science of Genetics opening new doors of understanding the human gene and cell.

4: Now human beings have become more critical and less fearful than our fore-fathers and ancestors.

5: Two hundred years ago death rate among children was very high. In those days seven out of eight babies died before their first birthday. Now with the help of vaccines, medications and proper health care system life expectancy has improved. Now people live longer and safe lives as compared to 200 years ago. Biochemical research is responsible for the antibiotics and vaccinations that protect us from infectious diseases, and for a wide range of other drugs used to defeat specific health problems. As a result, the majority of people on the planet now live longer and healthier lives than ever before.

6: After that and up to the age of 12 one used to fall in a prey to diseases like small pox, measles,...

BILET—25

SCIENTIFIC INVENTIONS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE

Fromspace shuttles to eye-glasses, from air-conditioning to the Internet – inventions of the last centuries have completely transformed our lives and our world. The era of fascinating discoveries has changed the way we communicate, the way we spend our free time. The machine gun has made our world more dangerous, the parking meter – more expensive and refrigerators have changed our eating habits. We can’t imagine our life without electricity and domestic electric appliances today such as microwave ovens, toasters, washing-machines, dish-washers, vacuum cleaners, irons and many others. Our world is also impossible without modern means of transport: cars, trains, ships or airplanes.

I am really amazed by the greatest medical inventions of penicillin, anaesthetic, contact lenses, X-rays and many others.  Penicillin is the name of an antibiotic that is used to kill dangerous bacteria in our bodies. This medicine was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. Many people worldwide stopped dying when their wounds had got infected. Of course, it is impossible to count how many lives have been saved by penicillin, but some estimate that it is about 200 million.  As for X-rays, they were discovered by Wilhelm Rontgen in 1895 by accident. X-ray machines produced images of different parts in the human body. And since then they have been widely used for analyzing problems with bones, teeth and organs. Today they are also used at airports for luggage inspection.

I must say that some inventions are quite strange and funny. Among them are food fans (for making your hot food cool enough to eat), heated toilet seats or devices that translate dog barking. As for weapons, cigarettes and fast food, I believe they are the worst mankind inventions. Modern inventions should make our life easier and better, but they must not cause health problems or destroy our planet.

BILET—27

IMPORTANCE OF MUSEUMS

Well, museums have importance for people who enjoy history, or who are very interested in one particular subject. There are Art museums, Railroad museums, dollhouse museums, and museums devoted to history, or the history of a certain area. There are many, many other types as well.

For people who love paintings by very popular artists, but are too poor to buy a painting, Art museums are probably the only chance they will have to see an original... Picasso, for example. There are also museums at the sites where historical people lived, so you can learn more about their lives. There are military museums where you can learn the history of weapons and warfare... or uniform styles. :)

Museums are a popular tourist activity. When you go to a new state or a new country, seeing some of the history pictured or described at a museum is interesting and even fun. I have been to visit a couple of large dams, and seeing the historical information about how the dams were built was fascinating to me.

That said, obviously all museums aren't going to appeal to all people. There are as many types of museums as there are interests, and so... if you like cars, you could go to a car museum. :) If you like sports, you could go to a sports museum (could be called a hall of fame). If you like books, you could go to the library... or, er... many museums display old books and documents. :)

See the related link below to see the website of some of the Smithsonian Museums, if you are interested.

BILET—28

WHAT SHOULD WE DO TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT

Environment can be referred as everything that is around us. It can be living or non-living things. It includes physical, chemical and other natural forces. Living things live in their environment . They constantly interact with it and adapt themselves to conditions in the environment . It is an important issue when our society is faced with economic crises, wars, and unending social problems. Environment is of great importance, in fact it is a factor on which our life is depended. It matters because Earth is the only home that humans have, and it provides air, food, and other needs. Human beings are most powerful and intelligent among all living creatures. Thus, it is the responsibility of every human being to protect and save the environment so that our future generations may enjoy the gifts of nature and environment. We were born to help the world, not to destroy it. Then why we are destroying the environment? We all must take an oath together to protect our natural environment to keep it safe as usual forever. It is very necessary to live a peaceful and healthy life. But our environment is getting dirty day by day because of negligence. It is an issue which everyone must know. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing humanity and other life forms on our planet today. So we should take every possible step to save the environment. Environmental Conservation is important because when we protect the environment, we are not protecting some distinct, distant entity but ourselves. To minimize the pollution around us, renewable energy sources like wind, hydro and solar sources should be encouraged widely. Renewable resource is a substance of economic value. More and more people should be inclined to use maximum renewable energy resources. Renewable resources can be used repeatedly and replaced naturally. One of the most important renewable energy is solar energy. Solar panels can be used to collect solar energy and turn it into electricity. Solar energy offers a clean, renewable source of power. It is the technology used to harness the sun's energy and make it useable. Solar energy is used today in a variety of ways. The most common form of solar energy used today are photovoltaic solar panels, which absorb the sun's light to create electricity. Probably because today, more and more people are understanding the advantages of solar energy as our solar technology increases and the cost of fossil fuels rises. Solar energy systems today can now used to power homes, cars, appliances, businesses, and cities. Solar energy is a very common form of renewable energy used today and continues to grow in popularity. One of the best example of solar energy being used in the most appropriate way is at Akal University, Punjab. Here, in Bathinda, Punjab’s largest solar energy Project has been set up. Akal University, Bathinda is run by the Kalgidhar Trust which has its headquarters at Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh. The Kalgidhar trust is running 129 schools known as Akal Academies and three universities. By taking this huge step, The Kalgidhar Society has shown its forward thinking as an educational organization. The Managing Director of SECI-Solar Energy Corporation of India , Mr. Jatindra Nath Swain inaugurated this solar power project at Akal University in Bathinda. This project is one of the largest for any rural educational institution. Baba Balbir Singh Seechewal, also known as Eco baba, along with Dr. Davinder Singh (Secretary of Kalgidhar Society ) and Dr. Gurmail Singh, Vice chancellor of Akal University, accompanied the program. All were feeling happy and honoured being a part of this unique program. Baba Seechewal said that we should not forget the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, and should take care of our mother earth. This solar energy Project is one step ahead in this direction. Water and earth are termed as the father and mother and we have somehow forgotten this. He said that this is a step full of encouragement and all akal academies should be solarized and should get the benefits of solar energy. This project would generate more than 80% of the power requirements of the Akal University and 13 Akal Academies . SDM Talwandi Sabo, Babbandeep Singh, PEDA(Punjab Energy Development Agency ) officials, PSPCL( Punjab State Power Corporation Limited) officials and 25 Sarpanch of the nearby villages attended the program. Akal University Talwandi Sabo is also run by the Kalgidhar Society. Mr, Jatinder Nath Swain said “Solar power generation is a measure of sustainability and I am happy to see that Kalgidhar Society is harnessing the sun for making education system more sustainable. Along with Solar, we also need to pay attention towards water conservation and rain water harvesting to tackle the problem of climate change.” These words were full of encouragement. It is a strong thinking that this Solar power plant project will reduce 35,000 metric tons of Carbon emission over 25 years thus making the planet more green. This will further reduce the power bills. A very remarkable thing to look upon is that the carbon reduction impact of the project during its life time is equivalent to planting of 82,000 trees which will add to conservation of energy and environment. The Kalgidhar Society, has so far set up a total of 59 solar power plants in its Akal Academies in the region. In this way, the society is showing its positive approach towards a green world and taking green initiatives.

BILET—29

SOURCES OF ENERGY

Coal. It was coal that produced the energy to run the factories of the first big industrial countries, such as Britain and Germany. Coal-miners worked long hard hours in cold dark coal-mines to bring this black rock above ground. They called it black gold.

Oil and gas. Texas, Saudia Arabia, Kuwait, and Venezuela: these are only a few of the places where oil has been found. Today, big oil companies still spend millions of dollars looking for oil, and when they find it, a new oil well is started and the company makes even

more millions. Sometimes they don't find oil underneath the earth. They find gas. But gas, too, can be used for energy. It is a good energy source for heating and cooking.

Nuclear or atomic energy. It is incredible to think that from the nucleus of the atom - one of the smallest things in the world can come enormous amounts of energy. This energy, which is called nuclear or atomic energy, can either be controlled in nuclear power stations to create electricity for millions of homes, or it can be used in war to destroy millions of homes.

Hydro-electric power. Water from fast-running rivers is another source of energy. By building large dams to control the water, millions of kilowatts of power can be produced. Countries like Sweden and Norway get most of their electricity from hydroelectric power.

Solar and wind energy. In the future much of our energy may come from the sun. In some countries, solar collectors on the roof can already provide enough solar power to heat and provide electricity for a house in both winter and summer. One day we may also see small windmills on every roof. Even a small wind can provide enough power to run lights and most electrical machines in the home.