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Norm-referenced tests (NRT’s): compare each student’s score to the scores of students who took the same exam before. Questions are usually based on the content of nationally-used textbooks, not what is taught locally, so students may be tested on topics not taught in their local school.
	Norm Curve or distribution:graphic representation of the way scores or measures distribute themselves, by chance, above and below the mean or average.
	National Blue Ribbon Award= this award honors public and private K–12 schools that are academically superior or that demonstrate dramatic gains in student achievement.
	Norm-referenced assessment(standardized test) = an assessment in which an individual or group's performance is compared with a larger group. Usually the larger group is representative of a cross-section of all US students.
	National assessments of student achievement An exercise, task or activity undertaken by students nationally and designed to determine or measure the achievement of students in a curriculum area, often aggregated to provide an estimate of the achievement level in the education system as a whole at a particular age or grade level. Normally, it involves administration of achievement tests either to a sample or to a population of students, usually focusing on a particular sector in the system. The assumption is frequently made not only that national assessments will provide information on the state of education, but also that use of the information should lead to improvement in student achievements. (Source:Greaney & Kellaghan 44 2007).