35
Strength of OCHA correlates
with cluster performance
Roles of OCHA
4.5 A crucial role for OCHA, but weak inter-cluster coordination
35
Within the United Nations architecture, OCHA has the main responsibility
for humanitarian coordination. In the context of the cluster approach, OCHA’s
role has been poorly defined, though it and the Humanitarian Coordinators are
customarily responsible for inter-cluster coordination. Effective inter-cluster
coordination is necessary to ensure that multidisciplinary and cross-cutting issues
that cannot be tackled by individual clusters alone are addressed appropriately
and that inter-cluster duplications and gaps are eliminated.
28
36
At country level, a well functioning OCHA is critical for making clusters work by
providing the framework and infrastructure for coordination.
29
In most cases, however,
OCHA has failed to create an effective system of inter-cluster coordination, especially at
the strategic level.
37
A comparison among various countries or provinces shows a clear correlation
between the strength and quality of OCHA offices and the functioning of the
cluster system. OCHA’s ability to provide the infrastructure for coordination
depends strongly on the capacities of its offices.
38
Since there was little central guidance, the role of OCHA in relation to the cluster
approach has developed in a bottom-up fashion in the countries. In the case study
countries, OCHA is active in the following areas:
30
•
Information management;
•
Ensuring country-specific and coherent implementation of the cluster approach
(e.g. explaining and disseminating the approach or adapting and disseminating
terms of reference for different types of coordination meetings);
•
Guiding the evolution of the cluster approach over time, for example by
participating regularly in cluster meetings and helping to set the agenda for
cluster activities. In some cases, the influence of OCHA was so strong that
clusters were mainly concerned with responding to its requests and seemed to
work more for OCHA than vice-versa.
28 The IASC is currently developing a guidance note on inter-cluster coordination. Other relevant documents
include: IASC (2008); OCHA (2007); terms of reference for Humanitarian Coordinators; OCHA strategic plan;
draft cluster coordinator terms of reference. In its strategic plan 2010, OCHA states that one of its objectives
is to develop a “more rigorous and standardized OCHA approach to supporting inter-cluster coordination”,
available at http://ochaonline.un.org/ocha2010/strategicplan.html, last accessed February 2010.
29 Cf. Cosgrave et al. (2007), p. 34 ff and Young et al. (2007), p. 19.
30 OCHA has assumed an even more extensive role in the clusters for Somalia, where it provides each cluster
with an information manager.
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