Iasc cluster approach evaluation, 2nd phase april 2010



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Cluster Approach Evaluation 2

Executive Summary
Introduction
Method
Background
Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations


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Strength of OCHA correlates 
with cluster performance
Roles of OCHA
  4.5 A crucial role for OCHA, but weak inter-cluster coordination 
35
   
Within  the  United  Nations  architecture,  OCHA  has  the  main  responsibility 
for humanitarian coordination. In the context of the cluster approach, OCHA’s 
role has been poorly defined, though it and the Humanitarian Coordinators are 
customarily  responsible  for  inter-cluster  coordination.  Effective  inter-cluster 
coordination is necessary to ensure that multidisciplinary and cross-cutting issues 
that  cannot  be  tackled  by  individual  clusters  alone  are  addressed  appropriately 
and that inter-cluster duplications and gaps are eliminated.
28
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   At  country  level,  a  well  functioning  OCHA  is  critical  for  making  clusters  work  by 
providing the framework and infrastructure for coordination.
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 In most cases, however, 
OCHA has failed to create an effective system of inter-cluster coordination, especially at 
the strategic level. 
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   A  comparison  among  various  countries  or  provinces  shows  a  clear  correlation 
between  the  strength  and  quality  of  OCHA  offices  and  the  functioning  of  the 
cluster  system.  OCHA’s  ability  to  provide  the  infrastructure  for  coordination 
depends strongly on the capacities of its offices. 
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   Since there was little central guidance, the role of OCHA in relation to the cluster 
approach has developed in a bottom-up fashion in the countries. In the case study 
countries, OCHA is active in the following areas:
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•   
Information management;
 
•   
Ensuring country-specific and coherent implementation of the cluster approach 
(e.g. explaining and disseminating the approach or adapting and disseminating 
terms of reference for different types of coordination meetings);
 
•   
Guiding  the  evolution  of  the  cluster  approach  over  time,  for  example  by 
participating  regularly  in  cluster  meetings  and  helping  to  set  the  agenda  for 
cluster  activities.  In  some  cases,  the  influence  of  OCHA  was  so  strong  that 
clusters were mainly concerned with responding to its requests and seemed to 
work more for OCHA than vice-versa. 
28   The IASC is currently developing a guidance note on inter-cluster coordination. Other relevant documents 
include: IASC (2008); OCHA (2007); terms of reference for Humanitarian Coordinators; OCHA strategic plan; 
draft cluster coordinator terms of reference. In its strategic plan 2010, OCHA states that one of its objectives 
is to develop a “more rigorous and standardized OCHA approach to supporting inter-cluster coordination”, 
available at http://ochaonline.un.org/ocha2010/strategicplan.html, last accessed February 2010. 
29  Cf. Cosgrave et al. (2007), p. 34 ff and Young et al. (2007), p. 19.
30   OCHA has assumed an even more extensive role in the clusters for Somalia, where it provides each cluster 
with an information manager. 

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