I n t h I s c h a p t e r y o u w I l L



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[N. Gregory(N. Gregory Mankiw) Mankiw] Principles (BookFi)

B
OTTOM
S
ECOND
M
IDDLE
F
OURTH
T
OP
T
OP
Y
EAR
F
IFTH
F
IFTH
F
IFTH
F
IFTH
F
IFTH
5 P
ERCENT
1998
4.2%
9.9%
15.7%
23.0%
47.3%
20.7%
1990
4.6
10.8
16.6
23.8
44.3
17.4
1980
5.2
11.5
17.5
24.3
41.5
15.3
1970
5.5
12.2
17.6
23.8
40.9
15.6
1960
4.8
12.2
17.8
24.0
41.3
15.9
1950
4.5
12.0
17.4
23.4
42.7
17.3
1935
4.1
9.2
14.1
20.9
51.7
26.5
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census.


C H A P T E R 2 0
I N C O M E I N E Q U A L I T Y A N D P O V E R T Y
4 4 1
As this example shows, there are social as well as economic determinants of
the distribution of income. Moreover, the simplistic view that “income inequal-
ity is bad” can be misleading. Increasing the opportunities available to women
was surely a good change for society, even if one effect was greater inequality in
family incomes. When evaluating any change in the distribution of income, pol-
icymakers must look at the reasons for that change before deciding whether it
presents a problem for society.
C A S E S T U D Y
INCOME INEQUALITY AROUND THE WORLD
How does the amount of income inequality in the United States compare to that
in other countries? This question is interesting, but answering it is problematic.
For many countries, data are not available. Even when they are, not every coun-
try in the world collects data in the same way; for example, some countries col-
lect data on individual incomes, whereas other countries collect data on family
incomes. As a result, whenever we find a difference between two countries, we
can never be sure whether it reflects a true difference in the economies or
merely a difference in the way data are collected.
With this warning in mind, consider Table 20-3, which compares the income
distribution of the United States to that of seven other countries. The countries
E
QUALITY FOR WOMEN HAS MEANT
LESS EQUALITY FOR FAMILY INCOMES
.
Ta b l e 2 0 - 3

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