I n t h I s c h a p t e r y o u w I l L



Download 5,6 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet170/472
Sana09.04.2022
Hajmi5,6 Mb.
#539976
1   ...   166   167   168   169   170   171   172   173   ...   472
Bog'liq
[N. Gregory(N. Gregory Mankiw) Mankiw] Principles (BookFi)

Q
UANTITY
T
OTAL
M
ARGINAL
M
ARGINAL
(
IN GALLONS
)
R
EVENUE
T
OTAL
C
OST
P
ROFIT
R
EVENUE
C
OST
(
Q
)
(
TR
)
(
TC
)
(
TR

TC
)
(
MR


TR
/

Q
)
(
MC


TC
/

Q
)

$ 0
$ 3
$3
$6
$2
1
6
5
1
6
3
2
12
8
4
6
4
3
18
12
6
6
5
4
24
17
7
6
6
5
30
23
7
6
7
6
36
30
6
6
8
7
42
38
4
6
9
8
48
47
1
P
ROFIT
M
AXIMIZATION
: A N
UMERICAL
E
XAMPLE


2 9 6
PA R T F I V E
F I R M B E H AV I O R A N D T H E O R G A N I Z AT I O N O F I N D U S T R Y
crosses the average-total-cost curve at the minimum of average total cost. The fig-
ure also shows a horizontal line at the market price (
P
). The price line is horizontal
because the firm is a price taker: The price of the firm’s output is the same regard-
less of the quantity that the firm decides to produce. Keep in mind that, for a com-
petitive firm, the firm’s price equals both its average revenue (
AR
) and its marginal
revenue (
MR
).
We can use Figure 14-1 to find the quantity of output that maximizes profit.
Imagine that the firm is producing at 
Q
1
. At this level of output, marginal revenue
is greater than marginal cost. That is, if the firm raised its level of production and
sales by 1 unit, the additional revenue (
MR
1
) would exceed the additional costs
(
MC
1
). Profit, which equals total revenue minus total cost, would increase. Hence,
if marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost, as it is at 
Q
1
, the firm can in-
crease profit by increasing production.
A similar argument applies when output is at 
Q
2
. In this case, marginal cost
is greater than marginal revenue. If the firm reduced production by 1 unit, the
costs saved (
MC
2
) would exceed the revenue lost (
MR
2
). Therefore, if marginal rev-
enue is less than marginal cost, as it is at 
Q
2
, the firm can increase profit by reduc-
ing production.
Where do these marginal adjustments to level of production end? Regardless
of whether the firm begins with production at a low level (such as 
Q
1
) or at a high
level (such as 
Q
2
), the firm will eventually adjust production until the quantity
produced reaches 
Q
MAX
. This analysis shows a general rule for profit maximiza-
tion: 
At the profit-maximizing level of output, marginal revenue and marginal cost are ex-
actly equal.
We can now see how the competitive firm decides the quantity of its good
to supply to the market. Because a competitive firm is a price taker, its marginal
Quantity
0
Costs
and
Revenue
MC
ATC
AVC
MC
2
MC
1
Q
1
Q
2
Q
MAX


MR


MR
2


AR 

MR
The firm maximizes
profit by producing 
the quantity at which
marginal cost equals
marginal revenue.
F i g u r e 1 4 - 1
P
ROFIT
M
AXIMIZATION FOR A
C
OMPETITIVE
F
IRM
.
This figure
shows the marginal-cost curve
(

Download 5,6 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   166   167   168   169   170   171   172   173   ...   472




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2025
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish