I n t e r n a L medicine questions Bank

All are indications for transfusion therapy in sickle cell anemia, except:

1. 
   Stroke
   
2. 
   Pain
   
3. 
   Pain with occulusive ???
   

D. ???

Transfusion therapy for individuals with SCD can be categorized as therapeutic or prophylactic. Accepted indications for transfusion therapy in individuals with SCD include [62,63]: Therapeutic — Acute use of transfusions for acute stroke, acute chest syndrome, acute multi-organ failure, acute symptomatic anemia (eg, onset of heart failure, dyspnea, hypotension, marked fatigue [9]), reticulocytopenia (most commonly associated with Parvovirus B19 infection, but can occur with any infection), or following hepatic or splenic sequestration. Prophylactic — Use of periodic red cell transfusions for primary or secondary stroke prevention.

81. 
    Patient with pancytopenia, splenic vein thrombosis, and ???. Diagnosis is:
    
    1. 
       Promyelocytic???
       
82. 
    Osteoporosis, most common site of fracture is:
    
    1. 
       Hip
       
    2. 
       Vertebrae
       
    3. 
       Femur
       

The answer is not FEMUR ===> Neck of femur ===> So, the the most common location is "Hip"... Right? Because "fracture of the neck of femure" is a type of hip fracture. "Hip fractures are classified as intracapsular, which includes femoral head and neck fractures, or extracapsular, which includes trochanteric, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric fractures. The location of the fracture and the amount of angulation and comminution play integral roles in the overall morbidity of the patient, as does the preexisting physical condition of the individual. Fractures of the proximal femur are extremely rare in young athletes and are usually caused by high-energy motor vehicle accidents or significant trauma during athletic activity. Other causes may be an underlying disease process such as Gaucher disease, fibrous dysplasia, or bone cysts." http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/87043-overview

From the paper entitled “Which fractures are most attributable to osteoporosis?” : "the fractures rated most likely because of osteoporosis were the femoral neck, pathologic fractures of the vertebrae, and lumbar and thoracic vertebral fractures."http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895435610002635