И. А. Курбасова Е. И. Силантьева

11. Прослушайте и переведите предложения.
1. All the trains except the extra trains operate regu­larly. 2. Local conditions should be taken into account in building a railway. 3. According to the traffic requirements the railways have to change their schedules two times a year. 4. The locomotives running on branch lines are light in weight and low-powered. 5. The driver has a number of electronic devices to run his locomotive. 6. Containers reduce the damage of goods in transportation. 7. Telecom­munication contributes to increased efficiency of railways.
8. Both trains and cars are sorted at the switching yards.
9. Sound and light signals on the locomotive warn the driv­er of a danger in time. 10. Both types of radio devices have some common features.
12. Проработайте § 62 грамматических пояснений и скажите, к каким частям речи относятся выделенные слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Railways usually number all passenger trains in order to facilitate the problem of their operation. 2. All regular-trains are numbered. 3. The number of the incoming train was announced over the radio. 4. Thanks to the radio the car inspector can radio other inspectors in case of emergency. 5. Railroads make use of different forms of telecommunica­tion. 6. The printed schedule of regular trains forms the time-table. 7. The scheduled trains are regular trains; extra trains are not scheduled in the time-table. 8. The long­distance train has to change both the locomotive and the crew several times during its run. 9. The trains run by railways are divided into two kinds: the passenger trains and the freight trains.
13. Переведите речевые отрезки, обращая внимание на формы причастия.
a) 1. The people travelling in electric trains are...
2. The containers being made today reduce...
3. The tasks being performed by computers are...
b) 4. Calculating the construction cost of the line we...
5. Having calculated the construction cost of the line we...
6. Having equipped the cars with air-conditioning we. ..
c) 7. Being run by a computer the locomotive...
8. Being damaged, the goods were...
9. Being taken into account, this factor will elimi­nate. ..
10. Having been simplified, this process decreased...
11. Having been devised, the apparatus provided...
14. Переведите предложения с причастными оборо­тами.
1. Comprising all spheres of railway operation telecom­munication greatly contributes to increased reliability of railway service. 2. Being divided into divisions, the railway handles the traffic more efficiently. 3. Having encountered the difficulties in operating the industrial locomotive the engineer applied radio control. 4. Having been warned of the trains collision the dispatcher immediately sent a spe­cial train to the scene of the accident. 5. Being introduced on the railways, the automatic train control will facilitate both the work of the driver and the dispatcher. 6. Telecommunication being increasingly introduced on the railways allows both the goods and the passenger trains to run according to schedule. 7. Having been devised, the control devices simplified the train operation. 8. The new model of tramcar being built to handle heavy passenger service will carry up to 260 passengers.
15. Укажите предложения (а) с придаточными предло­жениями подлежащими, (б) с придаточными предложе­ниями сказуемыми и переведите их.. Найдите аналогичные предложения в тексте и переведите их (абз. 1, 4, 6).
1. That telecommunication service has increased the effi­ciency of railway operation is of great significance for rail­ways. 2. The fact is that thanks to the radio the dispatchers and the locomotive crews can decrease the danger of train collisions. 3. What new vehicles can be used as public car­riers attracts the attention of many scientists and designers.
4. The problem being solved by the railway experts is wheth­er the existing or quite new types of vehicles will handle the passenger service on high-speed lines in the future.
5. The matter is that the transmitter installed in the loco­motive allows the driver to radio other drivers, warning them of a dangerous situation on the line. 6. Whether an electric or some other kind of traction will be used in the future is difficult to foresee. 7. Whether the train will arrive in time is not known yet. 8. The fact is that both the telephone and the radio communication lines have been damaged.

16. 
    Переведите текст письменно со словарем (20 мин.).
    

Brakes

(1) That railwaymen took great interest in the problem of stopping trains from the very beginning of railroading is quite evident. The fact is that troubles with brakes began on the Stockton & Darlington Railway when this first rail­way line was only six weeks old.

(2) One day as the train was running over the rails a coupling device broke. Being freed from its load, the loco­motive leaped ahead (зд. рвануться). Having applied the brake the driver quickly stopped the engine, but he could not stop the train. The matter is that only the locomotive had brakes at that time. As a result, the cars came crushing (зд. врезаться) into the locomotive. That the cars them­selves must have brakes became clear to the railwaymen. (3) Many efforts were made to develop a train brake and many types of brakes were devised. At last, George Wes-tinghouse, an American engineer, invented a good air brake which could gradually stop the entire train. Having been improved, the Westinghouse brake found a wide application on railways.