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Armstrongs Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice 1

Workforce planning defined

The  following  definition  of  workplace  planning 

was produced by the CIPD (2010a: 4): ‘Workforce 

planning  is  a  core  process  of  human  resource  

management that is shaped by the organizational 

strategy  and  ensures  the  right  number  of  people 

with the right skills, in the right place at the right 

time to deliver short- and long-term organizational 

objectives.’

Workforce  planning  may  be  conducted  as  an 

overall  approach  to  establishing  and  satisfying  

people  requirements  covering  all  major  employee 

categories  and  skills.  However,  it  frequently  con-

centrates  on  key  categories  of  staff,  for  example, 

doctors,  nurses  and  other  health  workers  in  the 

National  Health  Service,  skilled  operatives  in  a 

manufacturing company, sales staff in a retail store 

or drivers in a transport company.

Rothwell (1995: 194) distinguished between HR 

planning in the hard sense – ‘to serve as an indicator 

of the likely match or mismatch of the supply and 

demand for the right number of people with appro-

priate skills’ – and HR planning in the soft sense – 

‘to  alert  the  organization  to  the  implications  of 

business  strategy  for  people  development,  culture 

and  attitudes  as  well  as  numbers  and  skills’.  The 

CIPD (2010a: 4) made a similar distinction between 

‘hard’ and ‘soft’ workforce planning. As the report 

on their research commented:

Hard workforce planning is about numbers. In the 

past this often revolved around using past trends 

to predict the future, matching supply and demand 

for labour with the result that plans were often out 

of date before the ink was dry. Now there is more 

emphasis on management information that can 

help understand cause and effect of certain 

phenomena.

Soft workplace planning focuses on general issues 

relating to the supply of and demand for people and 

how they are deployed.

The  precursor  to  workforce  planning  –  man-

power  planning  as  conceived  in  the  1960s  –  was 

almost  entirely  about  numbers  in  the  shape  of 

quantitative demand and supply forecasts. It was 

the  failure  in  many  organizations  to  produce  

accurate forecasts and therefore prepare meaning-

ful plans that led to its decline if not fall. Workforce 

planning today covers a wider range of activities 

such  as  succession  planning,  smart  working,  

flexible  working  and  talent  planning,  and  is  not 

such a numbers game.


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