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Armstrongs Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice 1

factors affecting 

employee behaviour

Introduction

A  preoccupation  shared  by  all  those  involved  in 

managing people is how to get the best out of them. 

‘The best’ may be difficult to define. It could be high 

performance. Or it could be discretionary behaviour 

(the  choice  made  by  people  to  exercise  additional 

effort, care, innovation and productive behaviour in 

their jobs). It could be doing more than is contracted 

for so that the words ‘it’s not in my job description’ 

or ‘this is above my pay grade’ are seldom if ever 

heard. It could be cooperating fully with managers 

and colleagues or showing loyalty to the organization. 

It could be any combination of these.

Getting  the  best  out  of  people  is  primarily  the 

responsibility of managers and team leaders by ex-

ercising effective leadership. But it is also the concern 

of  HR  specialists  who  can  help  to  create  a  work 

environment  conducive  to  high  performance  and 

can introduce policies and practices that encourage 

people to do everything expected of them if not more. 

HR can also provide any advice and help managers 

to fulfil their people management responsibilities.

To do this, managers and HR specialists need to 

take into account the general factors that affect how 

people behave at work, as described in Chapter 10 

– namely, ability, intelligence, personality, attitudes, 

emotions  and  emotional  intelligence.  But  they 

should also be aware of the following more specific 

factors  that  influence  behaviour  and  therefore 

performance:

 



Motivation – the strength and direction of 



behaviour and the factors that influence 

people to behave in certain ways.

 



Commitment – the strength of an individual’s 



identification with, and involvement in, an 

organization.

 



Engagement – a situation in which people 



are committed to their work and the 

organization and are motivated to achieve 

high levels of performance.

These  are  examined  in  the  three  chapters  of  this 

part.

Of the three constructs (a construct is a con-



ceptual framework that explains how people perceive 

and react to their environment), motivation is a long-

standing  one  that  has  been  extensively  researched 

and written about since the earlier part of the 20th 

century. Motivation theory has been used and is still 

used to inform decisions on how to get more effort 

and better performance from employees, for example 

the use of performance-related pay. The importance 

of  the  construct  of  commitment  emerged  later, 

PART III



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