98
Emir of Bukhara- as the first tool to his hand”.
254
Enver offered the Soviets, with
whom he was in good relation, to mediate between them and Basmachis. Although
the Soviet elite in Moscow were suspicious of him, they
accepted his offer and let
him pass to Bukhara.
Enver was encouraged by Young Bukharan leaders to carry the flag of
resistance. But, he was also opposed by some Central Asian anti-Bolshevik leaders.
Although Enver was encouraged to get in resistance by several nationalist members
of Bukharan new government including Osman Khodzhaev, Ali Reza beg and
Abdulhamid Arif;
Zeki Velide Togan, the leader of Turkestan National Union and
ex-leader of Bashkurd government, was opposing to Enver’s will to join Basmachis.
Even, Togan offered Enver to leave Turkestan for Afghanistan.
255
In the letter, sent
by Togan to Enver, Togan emphasized that Enver’s intervention in this war would
cause the movement to gain a Pan-Islamist identity, and advised Enver to support the
Turkestan movement by residing in Afghanistan remotely. Togan, in his letter,
believed in reaching a solution through founding alliances
with internal fractions
inside Russia, for example he mentioned about cooperating with social revolutionists
against the Bolsheviks and then forcing Bolsheviks to agree with themselves.
256
In
sum, Togan believed in solving Turkestan question among residents of Russia, not
by an outside actor. It was clear that there was a dichotomy between Jadid leaders of
Bukhara and Russian educated secular Muslim leaders about Enver’s attendance and
leading for the resistance. But, Enver gave his decision to go through with his
dreams.
254
Coates, Zelda K. and W.P.,
Soviets in Central Asia, (
New York:
Greenwood Press, Publishers,
1951), 80.
255
Hayit, Baymirza,
Basmacilar: Turkistan Milli Mucadele Tarihi (1917-1934),
(Turkiye Diyanet
Vakfi Yayinlari, 1997), 198.
256
Ibid, 198.
99
Enver stepped in Bukhara on October 1921 at the same month that Jemal was
recalled by Lenin. Enver was sponsored by the Soviets and was sent to the region
mediate between the Soviets and Basmachis and to complete Jemal’s mission. His
aim, as announced, was the same as that which Jemal had
failed to reach-alliance
with Bolshevism in the fight for Islamic ideals against the so-called imperialism.
257
However, he attempted to do the same thing that Jemal had tried. He focused on
organizing the resistance against the Soviets and rescuing Turkestan from Bolshevik
rule instead of pacifying the resistance on Turkistan lands and mobilizing a struggle
for Islamic ideals against British imperialism. Both of the two attempts of the Soviet
leaders failed. Both Enver and Jemal targeted the Soviets after a while despite having
a common mission on behalf of the Soviets. The policy of Soviets did not operate
well. Although the Soviet elite planned to hit British imperialism through the Islamic
ideals and probable struggle that were planned to organize by Enver and Jemal, they
became victims of pan-Turkist ideals and programs of Enver and Jemal. The main
aim was to firstly finish the rebels’ resistance and
keep stability in Turkistan, and
then brings Amanullah’s Afghanistan who was in antagonist position against Britain,
closer to the Soviet side and then creates a revolutionary wind there that would
probably strike India, under British imperialism. However, the Red Army had to deal
with the chaotic situation and played into trouble in Turkistan as a result. Enver put
his plans into practice immediately and joined the Basmachi groups. “Enver Pasha
appropriated the old dream of a Pan-Turanian empire, which from the springboard of
Turkistan would reproduce the conquests of Cinghiz Khan and Taymur(Timur). He
would be the new conqueror, and Turkey would rid itself of Kemal and join his
257
Caroe, Olaf,
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: