Swedish: An Essential Grammar, 2nd edition

Du tänker väl inte gå på bio? Jo!
You’re not thinking of going to the cinema, are you? Yes, I am!
2 Expressions of feeling, exclamations
Pain:
aj, o, puh
Aj, vad det gör ont!
Ow, that hurts!
Surprise:
oj, o, å
Oj, vad vackert!
Oh, how beautiful!
Disgust:
usch, fy, hu Usch, vad hemskt!
Ugh, how horrible!
3 Commands
Kusch, Hut
= Down! (to dogs), 
Ptro 
= Whoah (to horses), 
Hyssch 
=
Shhh (to children), 
Giv akt! 
= Attention! (to soldiers)
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Interjections

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4 Imitations
Sounds made by animals:
vov vov (woof), miau (miaou), bää (baa)
Sounds made by objects:
pang (bang), plask (splash), bing-bång (ding-dong)
5 Greetings, exhortations
(a) Meeting, parting:
Goddag! (How do you do?), Välkommen! (plural: Välkomna!)
(Welcome), Adjö! (formal: Goodbye), Hej då! (Bye bye), Vi ses!
(Be seeing you), Hej! (Hallo), Hejsan! (Hi there!)
(b) Good wishes, thanks:
Skål! (Cheers), Gott nytt år! (Happy New Year), Varsågod! (plural:
Varsågoda!) (Here you are/You’re welcome), Tack (Thanks/Cheers),
Tack så mycket! (Thank you), Ha den ära(n)! (Many happy
returns), Gratulerar/Grattis! (Congratulations), Prosit! (Bless you)
(c) Apologies, etc.:
Förlåt! (Sorry), Ursäkta! (Excuse me/Pardon me), För all del!/Ingen
fara (By all means/Don’t mention it/No problem),
Hursa?/Vasa?/Förlåt (Pardon/Could you repeat that?)
6 Expletives:
Sjutton! Kors! Herre Gud! Tusan! Förbaskat! Jösses! Fy
fasen! Jäklar! Skit! Helvete! Förbannat! Fy fan! Jävlar!
Jävlaranamma! Satan!
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Prepositions – introduction
1 Prepositions are indeclinable words or set phrases, generally unstressed
in speech except when standing after a verb as a stressed particle (7.5.18,
12.6.7).
2 Swedish prepositions have the following prepositional complements:
(a) a noun:
Han cyklar till staden.
He’s cycling to town.
(b) a pronoun in the object form:
Vi pratade med honom.
We spoke to him.
(c) an infinitive phrase:
Han gick utan att vänta.
He left without waiting.
(d) a subordinate clause:
Hon var säker på att hon hade rätt.
She was sure that she was right.
(e) a prepositional or adverbial phrase:
Vad gör vi efter idag?
What are we going to do after today?
Det håller jag för helt omöjligt.
I consider that totally impossible.
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Prepositions

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3 Prepositions may adopt three different positions relative to the
complement:
(a) Before the complement (the majority of Swedish prepositions do
this):
bakom huset
behind the house
framför tvn
in front of the TV
hos Olssons
at the Olssons’
i augusti
in August
(b) After the complement (few prepositions, called ‘postpositions’, do
this; those that do are usually stressed):
året om
(all) year round
jorden runt
round the world
oss emellan
between you and me
(c) Bracketing the complement (called ‘circumpositions’):
för tio år sedan
ten years ago
sedan ett år tillbaka
for the past year
för din skull
for your sake
4 Notice that in Swedish the preposition is correctly placed as the last
element in a clause:
(a) in V-questions (see 5.11):
Vad tänker du på?
What are you thinking about?
(b) in relative clauses (see 12.8.1(2)):
Du är den (som) jag drömmer om.
You are the one of whom I dream.
(c) when the prepositional complement occupies the topic position
(12.7.1):
Honom kan man inte lita på.
He’s not to be relied on.
(d) in infinitive phrases:
Du är omöjlig att arbeta med.
You’re impossible to work with.
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Prepositions –
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(e) in exclamations:
Vilket stort hus du bor i!
What a big house you live in!
5 Some prepositions consist of adverb + preposition:
Han kom in i huset.
He came into the house.
De satt framför brasan.
They sat in front of the fire.
The most common Swedish prepositions
Here is a list of frequent Swedish prepositions. Examples of common ways
in which the ten most frequent prepositions (av, från, för, i, med, om, på,
till, under, vid) are used are given in sections 10.2.1–10.2.10. Many of
the remaining Swedish prepositions are used in much the same way as
their English equivalents.
av
of, with, by
längs
along
bakom
behind
med
with, by
bland
among
mellan
between
bredvid
beside